Therapy — Probiotic After Acute Colonic Diverticulitis
Citation(s)
Kvasnovsky CL, Adams K, Papagrigoriadis S Diverticular disease as a chronic gastrointestinal condition: experience from a specialist clinic. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Apr;27(4):442-8. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000000304.
Lahat A, Fidder HH, Ben-Horin S Development and validation of a diverticular clinical score for symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease after acute diverticulitis in a prospective patient cohort. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2020 May 8;13:17562848209
Mj O, Turner GA, A S, Frizelle FA, R P Distinct changes in the colonic microbiome associated with acute diverticulitis. Colorectal Dis. 2022 Dec;24(12):1591-1601. doi: 10.1111/codi.16271. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
Teng G, Liu Z, Liu Y, Wu T, Dai Y, Wang H, Wang W Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Expressing Elafin Protects Against Inflammation and Restores the Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol. 2022 May 6;13:819336. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.819336. eCollection 2
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
