Telerehabilitation Clinical Trial
Official title:
The Effectiveness of the Video Conferencing Telerehabilitation Method, Delivered in One on One and Group Sessions, in Urinary Incontinence Cases
Verified date | September 2022 |
Source | Marmara University |
Contact | n/a |
Is FDA regulated | No |
Health authority | |
Study type | Interventional |
Telerehabilitation (TR) refers to the provision of rehabilitation services through information and communication technologies. The most widely used of these technologies are applications such as telephone and video conferencing. Urinary incontinence is defined as involuntary urinary incontinence ). This condition, which affects both sexes, is more common in women. Urinary incontinence is caused by dysfunction in the bladder and pelvic floor muscles in women during menopause, childbirth, or pregnancy. Urinary incontinence is a health problem that significantly affects people's social interactions, interests, and psychosocial status. It has been shown that even mild incontinence complaints cause a decrease in the quality of life in women. Pelvic floor muscle training is one of the conservative treatment methods used in the treatment of urinary incontinence.Adding breathing exercises and deep abdominal muscle strengthening exercises to pelvic floor muscle training may be beneficial in patients with urinary incontinence. In patients with urinary incontinence, women who are in regular communication with the supervisor during pelvic floor muscle training are more likely to gain higher from the program. However, it has not been shown that group physiotherapy is less effective than physiotherapy administered individually in reducing incontinence episodes. In the light of this information in the literature, our research hypothesis is that in patients with urinary incontinence, follow-up the pelvic floor muscle training, breathing exercise, and core exercise training with individually video conference method can have positive effects on patients' muscle strength, incontinence degree, quality of life, patient satisfaction, exercise adherence, and sexual function.
Status | Completed |
Enrollment | 32 |
Est. completion date | December 1, 2023 |
Est. primary completion date | February 1, 2023 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | No |
Gender | Female |
Age group | 18 Years to 65 Years |
Eligibility | Inclusion Criteria: - 18-65 aged - BMI 18-30 kg/m2 - Being diagnosed with stress incontinence or mixed incontinence (dominantly SUI) - Mild or moderate incontinence (mild SUI; urinary incontinence with coughing, sneezing, laughing, or any strenuous activity. Moderate; urinary incontinence with carrying, pushing, lifting, walking, and any light physical activity) Exclusion Criteria: - Pregnancy - Ongoing vulvovaginitis or urinary tract infection or malignancy - Pelvic floor muscle strength is between 0-1 according to the Modified Oxford Scale, - Previous surgery for SUI - Problems with vision or inability to understand given commands - Conservative therapy in the last 6 months |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
Turkey | Berivan Beril Kiliç | Istanbul |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Marmara University |
Turkey,
Aoki Y, Brown HW, Brubaker L, Cornu JN, Daly JO, Cartwright R. Urinary incontinence in women. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 Jul 6;3:17042. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.42. Erratum In: Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 Nov 16;3:17097. — View Citation
Basak T, Uzun S, Arslan F. Incontinence features, risk factors, and quality of life in Turkish women presenting at the hospital for urinary incontinence. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2012 Jan-Feb;39(1):84-9. doi: 10.1097/WON.0b013e31823efd47. — View Citation
Bezerra LO, de Oliveira MCE, da Silva Filho EM, Vicente da Silva HK, Menezes de Oliveira GF, da Silveira Goncalves AK, Pegado R, Micussi MTABC. Impact of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Isolated and Associated with Game Therapy on Mixed Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Games Health J. 2021 Feb;10(1):43-49. doi: 10.1089/g4h.2019.0207. Epub 2020 Jul 21. — View Citation
Bo K. Pelvic floor muscle training is effective in treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, but how does it work? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2004 Mar-Apr;15(2):76-84. doi: 10.1007/s00192-004-1125-0. Epub 2004 Jan 24. — View Citation
Brennan D, Tindall L, Theodoros D, Brown J, Campbell M, Christiana D, Smith D, Cason J, Lee A. A blueprint for telerehabilitation guidelines. Int J Telerehabil. 2010 Oct 27;2(2):31-4. doi: 10.5195/ijt.2010.6063. eCollection 2010 Fall. — View Citation
Cacciari LP, Morin M, Mayrand MH, Tousignant M, Abrahamowicz M, Dumoulin C. Pelvic floor morphometrical and functional changes immediately after pelvic floor muscle training and at 1-year follow-up, in older incontinent women. Neurourol Urodyn. 2021 Jan;40(1):245-255. doi: 10.1002/nau.24542. Epub 2020 Oct 19. — View Citation
Cam C, Sakalli M, Ay P, Cam M, Karateke A. Validation of the short forms of the incontinence impact questionnaire (IIQ-7) and the urogenital distress inventory (UDI-6) in a Turkish population. Neurourol Urodyn. 2007;26(1):129-33. doi: 10.1002/nau.20292. — View Citation
Cayan S, Akbay E, Bozlu M, Canpolat B, Acar D, Ulusoy E. The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction and potential risk factors that may impair sexual function in Turkish women. Urol Int. 2004;72(1):52-7. doi: 10.1159/000075273. — View Citation
Çetinel B, Özkan B, Can G. ICIQ-SF Türkçe Versiyonu: Validasyon (Geçerlilik) Çalismasi. Türk Üroloji Dergisi, 2004; 30: 332-8.
Chen SY, Tzeng YL. Path analysis for adherence to pelvic floor muscle exercise among women with urinary incontinence. J Nurs Res. 2009 Jun;17(2):83-92. doi: 10.1097/JNR.0b013e3181a53e7e. — View Citation
Cottrell MA, Russell TG. Telehealth for musculoskeletal physiotherapy. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2020 Aug;48:102193. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102193. Epub 2020 May 30. — View Citation
Dumoulin C, Hay-Smith EJ, Mac Habee-Seguin G. Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 May 14;(5):CD005654. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005654.pub3. — View Citation
Grimes CL, Balk EM, Crisp CC, Antosh DD, Murphy M, Halder GE, Jeppson PC, Weber LeBrun EE, Raman S, Kim-Fine S, Iglesia C, Dieter AA, Yurteri-Kaplan L, Adam G, Meriwether KV. A guide for urogynecologic patient care utilizing telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: review of existing evidence. Int Urogynecol J. 2020 Jun;31(6):1063-1089. doi: 10.1007/s00192-020-04314-4. Epub 2020 Apr 27. — View Citation
Hay-Smith J, Herderschee R, Dumoulin C, Herbison P. Comparisons of approaches to pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women: an abridged Cochrane systematic review. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2012 Dec;48(4):689-705. — View Citation
Haylen BT, de Ridder D, Freeman RM, Swift SE, Berghmans B, Lee J, Monga A, Petri E, Rizk DE, Sand PK, Schaer GN; International Urogynecological Association; International Continence Society. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(1):4-20. doi: 10.1002/nau.20798. — View Citation
Hu JS, Pierre EF. Urinary Incontinence in Women: Evaluation and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2019 Sep 15;100(6):339-348. — View Citation
Hui E, Lee PS, Woo J. Management of urinary incontinence in older women using videoconferencing versus conventional management: a randomized controlled trial. J Telemed Telecare. 2006;12(7):343-7. doi: 10.1258/135763306778682413. — View Citation
Hung HC, Hsiao SM, Chih SY, Lin HH, Tsauo JY. An alternative intervention for urinary incontinence: retraining diaphragmatic, deep abdominal and pelvic floor muscle coordinated function. Man Ther. 2010 Jun;15(3):273-9. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2010.01.008. Epub 2010 Feb 24. — View Citation
Krhut J, Gartner M, Mokris J, Horcicka L, Svabik K, Zachoval R, Martan A, Zvara P. Effect of severity of urinary incontinence on quality of life in women. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018 Aug;37(6):1925-1930. doi: 10.1002/nau.23568. Epub 2018 Mar 31. — View Citation
Laycock J, Jerwood D. Pelvic floor muscle assessment: The PERFECT Scheme. Physiotherapy, 2001; 87, 631-642.
Novara G, Checcucci E, Crestani A, Abrate A, Esperto F, Pavan N, De Nunzio C, Galfano A, Giannarini G, Gregori A, Liguori G, Bartoletti R, Porpiglia F, Scarpa RM, Simonato A, Trombetta C, Tubaro A, Ficarra V; Research Urology Network (RUN). Telehealth in Urology: A Systematic Review of the Literature. How Much Can Telemedicine Be Useful During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic? Eur Urol. 2020 Dec;78(6):786-811. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.06.025. Epub 2020 Jun 18. — View Citation
Onur R, Bayrak Ö. Üri?ner Inkonti?nans Tani ve Tedavi?. ISBN: 978-975-00112-5-2.TÜD/TÜRK Üroloji Akademisi Yayini No: 2, 2015
Ozlu A, Yildiz N, Oztekin O. Comparison of the efficacy of perineal and intravaginal biofeedback assisted pelvic floor muscle exercises in women with urodynamic stress urinary incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2017 Nov;36(8):2132-2141. doi: 10.1002/nau.23257. Epub 2017 Mar 27. — View Citation
Talasz H, Kremser C, Kofler M, Kalchschmid E, Lechleitner M, Rudisch A. Phase-locked parallel movement of diaphragm and pelvic floor during breathing and coughing-a dynamic MRI investigation in healthy females. Int Urogynecol J. 2011 Jan;22(1):61-8. doi: 10.1007/s00192-010-1240-z. Epub 2010 Aug 31. — View Citation
Tarcan T, Naside M, Özgür MÖ, Akbal C. Oab V8 Asiri Aktif Mesane Sorgulama Formu Validasyon Çalismasi. Üroloji Bülteni, 2012;21, 113-116.
Zachovajeviene B, Siupsinskas L, Zachovajevas P, Venclovas Z, Milonas D. Effect of diaphragm and abdominal muscle training on pelvic floor strength and endurance: results of a prospective randomized trial. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 16;9(1):19192. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55724-4. — View Citation
* Note: There are 26 references in all — Click here to view all references
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength | PERFECT scheme | Baseline | |
Primary | Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength Change | PERFECT scheme | end of the 4th week | |
Primary | Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength | PERFECT scheme | end of the 8th week | |
Primary | Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength change | Surface Electromyography | Baseline | |
Primary | Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength change | Surface Electromyography | end of the 4th week | |
Primary | Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength change | Surface Electromyography | end of the 8th week | |
Secondary | Symptom Evaluation | 1-h pad test: It will be used for evaluating incontinence severity. It is a test that is standardized by the International Continence Association, reveals objective results after treatment and is routinely used in incontinence clinics. At the end of the test, the weight of the pad reweighed to calculate the urinary loss. Urinary continence was defined as when the 1 h pad test less than < 2g. | Baseline | |
Secondary | Symptom Evaluation | 1-h pad test: It will be used for evaluating incontinence severity. It is a test that is standardized by the International Continence Association, reveals objective results after treatment and is routinely used in incontinence clinics. At the end of the test, the weight of the pad reweighed to calculate the urinary loss. Urinary continence was defined as when the 1 h pad test less than < 2g. | end of the 4th week | |
Secondary | Symptom Evaluation | 1-h pad test: It will be used for evaluating incontinence severity. It is a test that is standardized by the International Continence Association, reveals objective results after treatment and is routinely used in incontinence clinics. At the end of the test, the weight of the pad reweighed to calculate the urinary loss. Urinary continence was defined as when the 1 h pad test less than < 2g. | end of the 8th week | |
Secondary | Symptom Evaluation | International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ - SF): It is a questionnaire for evaluating the frequency, severity and impact on quality of life (QoL) of urinary incontinence in men and women in research and clinical practice across the world. The answers form a score ranging from 0 to 21. The higher the score, the worse the woman experiences her stress urinary incontinence to be.The overall scores can be divided into four severity categories: slight = 1-5 points, moderate = 6-12 points, severe = 13-18 points, and very severe = 19-21 points. | Baseline | |
Secondary | Symptom Evaluation | International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ - SF): It is a questionnaire for evaluating the frequency, severity and impact on quality of life (QoL) of urinary incontinence in men and women in research and clinical practice across the world. The answers form a score ranging from 0 to 21. The higher the score, the worse the woman experiences her stress urinary incontinence to be.The overall scores can be divided into four severity categories: slight = 1-5 points, moderate = 6-12 points, severe = 13-18 points, and very severe = 19-21 points. | end of the 4th week | |
Secondary | Symptom Evaluation | International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ - SF): It is a questionnaire for evaluating the frequency, severity and impact on quality of life (QoL) of urinary incontinence in men and women in research and clinical practice across the world. The answers form a score ranging from 0 to 21. The higher the score, the worse the woman experiences her stress urinary incontinence to be.The overall scores can be divided into four severity categories: slight = 1-5 points, moderate = 6-12 points, severe = 13-18 points, and very severe = 19-21 points. | end of the 8th week | |
Secondary | Symptoms Evaluation | Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) : It will be used to evaluate the presence of different urogenital symptoms and the effect of these symptoms on the patient's quality of life. Item responses range from 0 to 3. The total score on the questionnaire is obtained by averaging the results of all items multiplied by 33 and 1/3 put scores on a scale of 0 to 100. Higher scores indicates more symptoms distress | baseline | |
Secondary | Symptoms Evaluation | Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) : It will be used to evaluate the presence of different urogenital symptoms and the effect of these symptoms on the patient's quality of life. Item responses range from 0 to 3. The total score on the questionnaire is obtained by averaging the results of all items multiplied by 33 and 1/3 put scores on a scale of 0 to 100. Higher scores indicates more symptoms distress | end of the 4th week | |
Secondary | Symptoms Evaluation | Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) : It will be used to evaluate the presence of different urogenital symptoms and the effect of these symptoms on the patient's quality of life. Item responses range from 0 to 3. The total score on the questionnaire is obtained by averaging the results of all items multiplied by 33 and 1/3 put scores on a scale of 0 to 100. Higher scores indicates more symptoms distress | end of the 8th week | |
Secondary | Symptoms Evaluation | Incontinence Impact Questionnaire - 7 (IIQ-7) : It will be used to evaluate the presence of different urogenital symptoms and the effect of these symptoms on the patient's quality of life, feelings and relationships. Item responses range from 0 to 3. A higher score indicates more severe symptoms and lower quality of life. The total score on the questionnaire is obtained by averaging the results of all items multiplied by 33 and 1/3 put scores on a scale of 0 to 100. | baseline | |
Secondary | Symptoms Evaluation | Incontinence Impact Questionnaire - 7 (IIQ-7) : It will be used to evaluate the presence of different urogenital symptoms and the effect of these symptoms on the patient's quality of life, feelings and relationships. Item responses range from 0 to 3. A higher score indicates more severe symptoms and lower quality of life. The total score on the questionnaire is obtained by averaging the results of all items multiplied by 33 and 1/3 put scores on a scale of 0 to 100. | end of the 4th week | |
Secondary | Symptoms Evaluation | Incontinence Impact Questionnaire - 7 (IIQ-7) : It will be used to evaluate the presence of different urogenital symptoms and the effect of these symptoms on the patient's quality of life, feelings and relationships. Item responses range from 0 to 3. A higher score indicates more severe symptoms and lower quality of life. The total score on the questionnaire is obtained by averaging the results of all items multiplied by 33 and 1/3 put scores on a scale of 0 to 100. | end of the 8th week | |
Secondary | Symptoms Evaluation | Over Active Bladder -Validated 8- Question Awareness Tool (OAB-V8): It has been suggested that the questionnaire consisting of 8 questions be used as an overactive bladder screening and awareness test in patients. It is a self administered tool directed toward detecting patient suffering from over active bladder. It contains 8 items and items are measured on 6 point Likert scale. The total score range from 0 to 52 points, with a score above 8 points reflecting that the patient may have over active bladder. | Baseline | |
Secondary | Symptoms Evaluation | Over Active Bladder -Validated 8- Question Awareness Tool (OAB-V8): It has been suggested that the questionnaire consisting of 8 questions be used as an overactive bladder screening and awareness test in patients. It is a self administered tool directed toward detecting patient suffering from over active bladder. It contains 8 items and items are measured on 6 point Likert scale. The total score range from 0 to 52 points, with a score above 8 points reflecting that the patient may have over active bladder. | end of the 4th week | |
Secondary | Symptoms Evaluation | Over Active Bladder -Validated 8- Question Awareness Tool (OAB-V8): It has been suggested that the questionnaire consisting of 8 questions be used as an overactive bladder screening and awareness test in patients. It is a self administered tool directed toward detecting patient suffering from over active bladder. It contains 8 items and items are measured on 6 point Likert scale. The total score range from 0 to 52 points, with a score above 8 points reflecting that the patient may have over active bladder. | end of the 8th week | |
Secondary | Symptoms Evaluation | Bladder diary and urination chart : The patient will be asked to record the frequency of daytime urination, the frequency of nighttime urination, the frequency of urinary incontinence for 24 hours, the frequency of the need to urinate, and the amount of fluid taken daily for the first 3 days of starting the treatment and the last 3 days before the end of the treatment. | baseline | |
Secondary | Symptoms Evaluation | Bladder diary and urination chart : The patient will be asked to record the frequency of daytime urination, the frequency of nighttime urination, the frequency of urinary incontinence for 24 hours, the frequency of the need to urinate, and the amount of fluid taken daily for the first 3 days of starting the treatment and the last 3 days before the end of the treatment. | end of the 4 week | |
Secondary | Symptoms Evaluation | Bladder diary and urination chart : The patient will be asked to record the frequency of daytime urination, the frequency of nighttime urination, the frequency of urinary incontinence for 24 hours, the frequency of the need to urinate, and the amount of fluid taken daily for the first 3 days of starting the treatment and the last 3 days before the end of the treatment. | end of the 8 week | |
Secondary | Exercise Adherence | Exercise adherence will be evaluated by Visual Analog Scale. The score ranges from 0 to 100. Participants will be asked to rate their degree of adherence to exercise by scoring between 0 and 100. | end of the 4th week | |
Secondary | Exercise Adherence | Exercise adherence will be evaluated by Visual Analog Scale. The score ranges from 0 to 100. Participants will be asked to rate their degree of adherence to exercise by scoring between 0 and 100. | end of the 8th week | |
Secondary | Exercise Adherence | Broome Pelvic Muscle Self-Efficacy Scale will be used for assessment of exercise adherence. It is 23-item rating scale consisting of two domains: expectations and outcome expectations.The score ranges from 0 to 100. The higher score shows more exercise adherence. | baseline | |
Secondary | Exercise Adherence | Broome Pelvic Muscle Self-Efficacy Scale will be used for assessment of exercise adherence. It is 23-item rating scale consisting of two domains: expectations and outcome expectations.The score ranges from 0 to 100. The higher score shows more exercise adherence. | end of the 4th week | |
Secondary | Exercise Adherence | Broome Pelvic Muscle Self-Efficacy Scale will be used for assessment of exercise adherence. It is 23-item rating scale consisting of two domains: expectations and outcome expectations.The score ranges from 0 to 100. The higher score shows more exercise adherence. | end of the 8 week | |
Secondary | Patient Satisfaction | Patient satisfaction will be evaluated by Visual analog Scale. Participants will be asked to rate their satisfaction level from the treatment by scoring between 0 and 100. | end of the 4th week | |
Secondary | Patient Satisfaction | Patient satisfaction will be evaluated by Visual analog Scale. Participants will be asked to rate their satisfaction level from the treatment by scoring between 0 and 100. | end of the 8th week | |
Secondary | Sexual Function | Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI): It will be used for measurement of female sexual functioning during previous 4 weeks.It is a 19-item questionnaire with six dimensions. The cut off value of FSFI is 26. Lower score indicates worse sexual function. | baseline | |
Secondary | Sexual Function | Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI): It will be used for measurement of female sexual functioning during previous 4 weeks.It is a 19-item questionnaire with six dimensions. The cut off value of FSFI is 26. Lower score indicates worse sexual function. | end of the 4th week | |
Secondary | Sexual Function | Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI): It will be used for measurement of female sexual functioning during previous 4 weeks.It is a 19-item questionnaire with six dimensions. The cut off value of FSFI is 26. Lower score indicates worse sexual function. | end of the 8th week |
Status | Clinical Trial | Phase | |
---|---|---|---|
Completed |
NCT05293847 -
Postural Based Telerehabilitation in Mechanic Neck Pain
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT05447143 -
Effect of Home Exercise Program on Various Parameters in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT05205434 -
Efficacy of Synchronous and Asynchronous Telerehabilitation in COVID-19 Discharges
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT06206343 -
Telerehabilitation With Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Chronic Neck Pain:
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT05875480 -
The Effectiveness of Telerehabilitation After Arthroscopic Meniscus Repair
|
N/A | |
Active, not recruiting |
NCT04991857 -
Technology-based Family-centered Empowerment Program for Heart Failure (T-FAME-HF)
|
N/A | |
Active, not recruiting |
NCT06416332 -
Development and Testing of a Tele-rehabilitation System for Adult Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
|
N/A | |
Active, not recruiting |
NCT05026957 -
A Digitally-Supported Shared Decision Making Approach for Coronary Artery Disease Patients During Cardiac Rehabilitation
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT05684926 -
COVID-19 Pandemic Asthma Child Telerehabilitation Yoga
|
N/A | |
Active, not recruiting |
NCT05145465 -
The Effect of a Supervised Home-based Tele-rehabilitation Program on Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT06159205 -
Core Stability Via Telerehabitation on TKA
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT06065423 -
Evaluation of Home Program and Telerehabilitation for the Treatment Process in Patients With Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT05027620 -
Feasibility of Motor-cognitive Home Training for Parkinson's Disease Using eHealth Technology
|
N/A | |
Not yet recruiting |
NCT06095336 -
Telerehabilitation and Conventional Physiotherapy Program for Caregivers of Individuals With Special Needs
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT04405609 -
Usability Study of "ArmAssist 2.0." Robot: Homecare Arm Rehabilitation in Stroke Patients
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT05147285 -
The Effect of Telerehabilitation on Functional Capacity, Oxidative Stress and Respiratory Parameters in Cystic Fibrosis
|
N/A | |
Not yet recruiting |
NCT05564871 -
Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy Teleintervention in Pediatric
|
N/A | |
Not yet recruiting |
NCT05019157 -
Cardiac Telerehabilitation Effectiveness Using Wearable Sensors
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT05720858 -
Telerehabilitation in Survival Breast Cancer Patients
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT05312827 -
Training Intervention and Program of Support (TIPS): Fostering Family-centred Telehealth in Pediatric Rehabilitation
|
N/A |