Stroke — The Change in Temporal Muscle Thickness in Stroke Patients
Citation(s)
Nakanishi N, Okura K, Okamura M, Nawata K, Shinohara A, Tanaka K, Katayama S Measuring and Monitoring Skeletal Muscle Mass after Stroke: A Review of Current Methods and Clinical Applications. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021 Jun;30(6):105736. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105736. Epub 2021 Mar 20.
Nozoe M, Kanai M, Kubo H, Yamamoto M, Shimada S, Mase K Prestroke sarcopenia and functional outcomes in elderly patients who have had an acute stroke: A prospective cohort study. Nutrition. 2019 Oct;66:44-47. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.04.011. Epub 2019 Apr 25.
Ryan AS, Ivey FM, Serra MC, Hartstein J, Hafer-Macko CE Sarcopenia and Physical Function in Middle-Aged and Older Stroke Survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017 Mar;98(3):495-499. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.07.015. Epub 2016 Aug 13.
The Change in Temporal Muscle Thickness and Its Relationship With Sarcopenia and Functional Outcomes in Stroke Patients.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
