Stress, Psychological — Reward Under Stress: Effects of a Multidimensional Stress Prevention Program in University Students
Citation(s)
Deasy C, Coughlan B, Pironom J, Jourdan D, Mannix-McNamara P Psychological distress and coping amongst higher education students: a mixed method enquiry. PLoS One. 2014 Dec 15;9(12):e115193. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115193. eCollection 2014.
Deasy C, Coughlan B, Pironom J, Jourdan D, Mcnamara PM Psychological distress and lifestyle of students: implications for health promotion. Health Promot Int. 2015 Mar;30(1):77-87. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dau086. Epub 2014 Oct 14.
Dyrbye LN, Thomas MR, Shanafelt TD Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among U.S. and Canadian medical students. Acad Med. 2006 Apr;81(4):354-73. Review.
Heinen I, Bullinger M, Kocalevent RD Perceived stress in first year medical students - associations with personal resources and emotional distress. BMC Med Educ. 2017 Jan 6;17(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s12909-016-0841-8.
Regehr C, Glancy D, Pitts A Interventions to reduce stress in university students: a review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2013 May 15;148(1):1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.026. Epub 2012 Dec 13. Review.
Reward Under Stress: Psychobiological Mechanisms of Resilience to Stress
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
