Post-Operative Adjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy For High Risk Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinical Trial

Official title:

Phase III Study Of Post-Operative Adjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy For High Risk Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00201383
• Other study ID #: T2399
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 3
• First received: September 13, 2005
• Last updated: September 13, 2005
• Start date: October 1999
• Est. completion date: August 2009

Study information

• Verified date: January 2005
• Source: National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: Taiwan: Department of Health
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this study is to confirm the value of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in improving the locoregional control and survival of patients with resected locally advanced HNSCC, a phase III randomized study is proposed. The population studied in this trial is limited to patients of oral cavity cancer; this could reduce the confounding factor of varying prognosis in patients of different primary sites of HNSCC.

Description:

Potentially resectable Stage III or IV squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) are treated by operation and adjuvant radiotherapy. The 5-year survival rate is approximating 30%. Recurrence typically occurs within 3 years, 60-80% in locoregional sites, and 20-30% systemically. Patients who are found to have tumors at the margins of surgical specimens far particularly poorly.

Chemotherapy has been added in the hope to improve this situation. Induction and adjuvant chemotherapy has resulted in a decrease in the appearance of systemic metastases in most trials, but has not improved locoregional control and survival.

For cases with unresectable head and neck cancers, concurrent chemoradiotherapy appears to have improved locoregional control, disease-free survival, and possibly overall survival, as compared to radiotherapy alone. Bachaud et al. reported a randomized trial of postoperative cisplatin and radiotherapy vs. radiotherapy alone for patients with Stage III or IV head and neck cancer. Cisplatin was administered 50 mg weekly during radiotherapy. There was a significant improvement in locoregional control (70% vs. 55%) as well as overall survival (median 36m vs. 20m) in patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Al-Sarraf et al. also reported a phase II concurrent chemoradiotherapy trial, using cisplatin 100 mg/m2 every three weeks. Based on comparison with similar patients treated in a prior RTOG trial, they conclude that postoperative radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin may improve locoregional control rates10. The superiority of adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) to RT alone or sequential adjuvant RT and chemotherapy has been further confirmed in an analysis of data of RTOG 85-03 and RTOG 88-24. Comparing high-risk patients of RTOG 85-03 with prognostically similar patients from RTOG 88-24, the data suggest that sequential surgery, RT, and chemotherapy produced better locoregional control than surgery plus RT, but that surgery followed by CCRT produced even higher locoregional control. Independent of the differences in the amount of RT delivered, the Cox proportional hazards model suggests that the addition of CCRT resulted in a 50% decrease in locoregional relapse rates compared with surgery plus postoperative RT with no chemotherapy. The reduction in mortality was 18%.

Although CCRT may be better than RT alone or sequential treatment, the 3 year survival in both adjuvant CCRT studies were only around 50%. Is more aggressive treatment warranted? Tolerance to CCRT is a major concern. In the French study, severe acute toxicity occurred in 18% of RT only patients and 41% of patients received CCRT. In the RTOG 88-24 trial, severe and life-threatening toxicities occurred in 20% and 12% of patients, respectively; the most common drug-related toxicities were leukopenia, anemia, nausea, and vomiting . Theoretically, to optimize CCRT, continuous presence of chemotherapeutic drug or drug effect is necessary to maximize the effect of radiosensitization. For radiosensitization purpose, daily chemotherapy may be better than weekly and weekly may be better than tri-weekly. French study used weekly cisplatin with a dose of 30 mg/m2. RTOG 88-24 used different treatment dose and schedule 100 mg/m2 of cisplatin on radiotherapy days 1, 23 and 43. We choose weekly for convenience and hope this can increase the recruitment of patients. In the pilot study, we observed a remarkable toxicity with this treatment schedule. Considering the remarkable toxicity reported and our preliminary experience, more drugs, higher dosage, or extended schedule may not be justified.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 161
• Est. completion date: August 2009
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Both
• Age group: N/A and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

Clinically free of disease after having undergone surgery for histologically confirmed primary keratinizing SCC of the oral cavity.

buccal mucosa upper lip (140.3) lower lip (140.4) cheek (145.0) retromolar area (145.6) bucco-alveolar sulci upper and lower (145.1) oral tongue dorsum (141.1) lateral border (141.2) inferior surface (141.3)

With any one of the risk factors of recurrence listed below:

Nodal extracapsular spread of disease (ECS) Number of positive node > 2 Perineural involvement Lymphovascular emboli/permeation in resected surgical specimen Histologically positive surgical margin

Exclusion Criteria:

Karnofsky performance status of <50 Concurrent or previous second primary cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) Gross residual disease following surgery Distant metastasis before or at the time of adjuvant treatment Serum creatinine > 1.4 mg/dl, WBC <3500/mm3, platelet <100,000/mm3

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Carcinoma
• Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
• Oral Cavity
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Intervention

Drug:
• cisplatin

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Taiwan	National Taiwan University Hospital	Taipei

Sponsors (9)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan	Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Changhua Christian Hospital, Chi Mei Medical Hospital, China Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital., Mackay Memorial Hospital, National Taiwan University Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Taiwan, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	RT versus RT plus CT in effect on local control and survival of patients of oral cavity cancer after curative operation.
Secondary	the acute and chronic toxicity of RT versus RT plus CT in patients of oral cavity cancer after curative operation.

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