Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 Clinical Trial
Official title:
Biomarkers and Genetic Modifiers in a Study of Pre-ataxic and Ataxic SCA3/MJD Carriers (BIGPRO Study) - Astrocytes
The study will consist of a prospective observation of subjects in a natural history design. The investigators will monitor changes of clinical scales, quality of life, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of candidate genes (CCL11, TNFSF14, FCGR3B, CLC, and SLA) (and their peptide products, when possible), and eotaxin and S100B serum levels, in order to determine which of them is (are) the most sensitive. Participants will be stratified in three groups: ataxic carriers, pre-ataxic carriers and non-carriers (controls).
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, or Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), is an autosomal dominant
neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG expansion at ATXN3. The gene product is a 42kDa
protein called ataxin-3, widely expressed in neurons and peripheral tissues. Physiological
roles of ataxin-3 include, at least, ubiquitination and regulation of misfolded proteins,
cytoskeletal organization and focal adhesions development, and transcriptional regulation,
most often as a transcriptional corepressor. One purpose of the present study is to detect a
possible association between altered transcription patterns of candidate genes and disease
progression. On the other hand, previous evidences suggest that the disease process linked to
polyQ aggregation in neuronal cell ("cell-autonomous process") might be worsened by what
happens outside the neuronal cell ("non-cell-autonomous process"). Initial evidences lead to
the role of astrocytes. This is a major depart from the traditional understanding of
polyglutamine diseases, and comprises the main focus of the present study.
The main hypothesis of this study is that the SCA3/MJD clinical features may be in part
associated to astrocytic processes. In order to test it, peripheral level of LIGHT protein
(encoded by TNFSF14) and eotaxin (encoded by CCL11) - both expressed in astrocytes -, and of
S100B (a myelin damage marker), will be measured. The investigators speculate if they can be
biomarkers of disease progression and of pathological process, even before symptoms onset. In
case this is positive, their responsiveness to change will be tested to check if it is better
than those of clinical scales.
The second aim is to test if disease progression can be associated with changes in the
transcriptional pattern of candidate genes FCGR3B, CLC and SLA.
"BIGPRO study - Astrocytes" intends to identify variations in these candidates and validate
them as SCA3/MJD biomarkers. The study will consist of a prospective observation of subjects
in a natural history design. Changes in clinical scales, quality of life, messenger
ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of candidate genes (CCL11, TNFSF14, FCGR3B, CLC, and SLA) (and their
peptide products, when possible), and eotaxin and S100B serum levels will be monitored in
order to determine which of them is (are) the most sensitive. Participants will be stratified
in three groups: ataxic carriers, pre-ataxic carriers and non-carriers (controls). For each
asymptomatic carrier, the time until start of disease will be estimated according to the
individual CAG expanded sequence (CAGexp) and subject's age. Clinical scales Scale for the
Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), Neurological Examination Scale for SCA (NESSCA),
International Co-operative Rating Scale (ICARS), Inventory of Non-ataxia Symptoms (INAS), SCA
Functional Index (SCAFI), Composite Cerebellar Functional Severity Score (CCFS) and Quality
of Life measurements (EQ-5D and SF-36), will be applied at baseline, at 12 months and at 24
months, in all subjects (all three groups). Eotaxin, TNFSF14, S100B and mRNAs, will be
measured in the same moments. Progression rates of all these variables will be estimated
through mixed-models, including, as covariates, age, group and their interactions.
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