Clinical Trial Details
— Status: Completed
Administrative data
NCT number |
NCT05885893 |
Other study ID # |
MS2022/033 |
Secondary ID |
|
Status |
Completed |
Phase |
|
First received |
|
Last updated |
|
Start date |
December 10, 2017 |
Est. completion date |
June 15, 2019 |
Study information
Verified date |
May 2023 |
Source |
Suleyman Demirel University |
Contact |
n/a |
Is FDA regulated |
No |
Health authority |
|
Study type |
Observational
|
Clinical Trial Summary
Background/aim:The study was conducted to determine the smartphone addiction level of youths
and to investigate the effect of addiction level on neck pain, functional level, pressure
pain threshold (PPT) level, and muscle activation of neck muscles (upper trapezius (UT),
cervical erector spina (CES), sternocleidomastoideus (SCM)).
Methods:Superficial electromyography, PPT, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index
(NDI) and Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) were used as assessment tools.
Description:
Smartphones, which are used quite frequently among adolescents, are becoming more and more
indispensable in daily life and offer a wide variety of mobile applications for information,
communication, education, and entertainment. The use of smartphones includes many user
profiles such as teenagers, adults, children, working or not working. However, when looking
at the smartphone user profile, it is seen that the largest proportion belongs to the young
population.
With the increasing frequency of use and addiction, many physiological, psychological, and
social problems are encountered today. These problems can be classified into two categories
that are psychological disorders (sleep disorders, aggressive or depressive symptoms, high
anxiety level, low life satisfaction, dropping out of school, and antisocial personality
disorder) and physiological disorders (dry eyes, carpal tunnel syndrome, neck or back pain,
postural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and migraine headaches). Regarding its adverse
effects on physical health, especially the increase in neck pain and the decrease in daily
life activities and functionality are emphasized. The effects of smartphone use on the
functional level are associated with the cervical posture and the sensitivity, spasm and
proprioceptive disorders in the neck circumference structures created by this posture.
Smartphone addiction and computer addiction, which has similar effects, are associated with
neck problems and disability in healthy young people. It has been reported that smartphone
addiction in students negatively affects physical health by reducing the amount of physical
activity such as walking. In the literature, an increase in muscle fatigue and increased
sensitivity in cervical erector spina (CES) and upper trapezius (UT) muscles have been
reported due to prolonged smartphone use. Although there are data on the negative effects of
smartphone use on many physiological parameters such as pain and functional level in the
literature, there is a need for studies evaluating the effect of smartphone addiction, which
has emerged as an important concept in recent years.
Posture during phone use stands out as the primary cause of musculoskeletal disorders
associated with smartphone use. During the use of the smartphone, the person maintains the
posture in which the head is in flexion and the shoulder is in protraction for a long time to
look at the device. It is known that the loads on the neck increase with the flexion of the
head. This situation has effects not only on the neck musculoskeletal system but also on the
shoulder and spine as it creates muscle imbalance. In current studies, it has been emphasized
that posture disorder during smartphone use changes the activity of the UT muscle, CES
muscle, neck extensor muscles, and hand muscles.
There are various studies in the literature on muscle activation changes, musculoskeletal
system changes, and changes in daily living activities with the use of smartphones. However,
it is thought that there is a need for a study that correlates smartphone addiction with
musculoskeletal problems such as pain and sensitivity, muscle activation changes in the neck
muscles, and changes in functional status. It is thought that the determination of
physiological effects such as neck pain and muscle activations that they cause even when they
do not use phones, even when they do not use telephone, are thought to be effective in terms
of drawing attention to the importance of preventing them. In light of this information, our
study aimed to examine the effect of smartphone addiction levels on neck pain, functional
status, and muscle activation.