SLE Clinical Trial
Official title:
Effect of Gender on Clinical Presentation of SLE ِAt Assiut University Hospitals
The investigators aim to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SLE between male and female Egyptian patients at Assuit University Hospital.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology and is
characterized by a multifaceted clinical presentation and disease course. Female predominance
is a well-known characteristic of SLE, particularly during the reproductive years. Sex
differences are another peculiarity of SLE with respect to clinical manifestations and
outcomes. Previous studies have recognized male patients with lupus as a distinct minority;
such patients often exhibit a poorer prognosis, especially involving the renal,
cardiovascular, and neurologic systems. Higher mortality rates in male than in female
patients with SLE have also been reported. Andrade et al reported that multiple conditions
(for example, severe skin lesions, serositis, thrombotic events, and seizures) are more
frequent in males than females.
Lu et al investigated the frequency of renal failure and end-stage renal disease among both
genders and found out that these conditions were more prevalent among males. Another study
shows no difference in complications and prognosis between both genders.
The results of these previous studies may not be applicable to all ethnic groups. For
example, Mok et al studied the males in the local Chinese population had different disease
features in term of clinical features at diagnosis, rate, and severity of relapse, organ
damage and cumulative damage score. They found through a retrospective review that at the
time of diagnosis, there was a trend, however not statistically significant, that males had
less Raynaud's, alopecia, arthritis, anti-Ro antibody, but more thrombocytopenia and discoid
lesions. Also, a significantly higher number of males had impaired renal functions.
There are few studies that have assessed the differences between male and female Egyptian
patients with SLE according to the presentation, complication, prognosis, and mortality. One
of these studies shows a more aggressive disease detected in male patients. This was evident
by a higher prevalence of nephritis, fever, cutaneous vasculitis in male patients. on the
other hand, alopecia and arthritis were significantly higher in females.
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