Throwers Ten Exercises On Upper Extremity Function and Explosive Power in Wheelchair Basketball and Basketball Players

Shoulder Pain Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Effect of Thrower's Ten Exercise Programme On Upper Extremity Muscle Power, Range of Motion and Explosive Power in Wheelchair Basketball and Basketball Players

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04019990
• Other study ID #: GO15/204
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: July 1, 2019
• Est. completion date: November 21, 2019

Study information

• Verified date: February 2020
• Source: Hacettepe University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Basketball is a challenging sport that requires participants to demonstrate physical fitness and special athletic skills at high levels. Players avoid contact while attempting to prevent the opponent from running, passing and shooting. Although basketball includes avoiding contact as a rule, contact between players is inevitable. Various injuries occur in basketball because it is a contact sport and includes sudden movements, such as bouncing, running and turning. Wheelchair (WC) basketball is characterised by manoeuvres and high-intensity activities such as rolling, rebounding, passing and overhead shooting. In WC basketball players, thoracic kyphosis is increased because of atrophy of the upper back and shoulders muscles resulting from the body posture required for WC propulsion in the sitting position as well as the effect of gravity. This sitting posture is characterised by scapular protraction and internal rotation of the humerus, and it impedes shoulder movements during upper-extremity use.

Overhead throwing is a movement that involves high speed and repetitive movement that leads to upper-extremity injuries. It is important to develop muscle strength and proprioception to protect against these injuries.

Throwers Ten exercise programme is a programme designed to improve the power, strength and endurance of large muscle groups required for the throwing activity. It consists of exercises involving the movement of upper limb joints in full range of joint motion (ROM) or at specified specific angles, with the help of a resistance band and weights specific to individual athletes.

In the literature, no study has demonstrated the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme in these sports groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme on upper-extremity function and explosive power in the WC basketball players and stand-up basketball players.

Description:

Basketball is a challenging sport that requires participants to demonstrate physical fitness and special athletic skills at high levels. Players avoid contact while attempting to prevent the opponent from running, passing and shooting. Although basketball includes avoiding contact as a rule, contact between players is inevitable. Various injuries occur in basketball because it is a contact sport and includes sudden movements, such as bouncing, running and turning.

Wheelchair (WC) basketball is characterised by manoeuvres and high-intensity activities such as rolling, rebounding, passing and overhead shooting. In WC basketball players, thoracic kyphosis is increased because of atrophy of the upper back and shoulders muscles resulting from the body posture required for WC propulsion in the sitting position as well as the effect of gravity. This sitting posture is characterised by scapular protraction and internal rotation of the humerus, and it impedes shoulder movements during upper-extremity use. The force balance changes because of humeral internal rotation and scapular protraction, and the internal rotator and adductor muscles become stronger than their antagonists. In basketball, throwing and pushing are used to pass the ball to the target. In throwing, the force of the dominant upper extremity comes into play with the internal rotation of the humerus. In this movement, the humerus is almost horizontal and parallel to the ground.

Increased use of the upper extremities in WC users increases upper-extremity load. For this reason, upper-extremity muscle strength, endurance and explosive power are of great importance. Rotational muscle strength of the shoulder has critical roles in activities specific to basketball as well as WC control in WC basketball players.

Overhead throwing is a movement that involves high speed and repetitive movement that leads to upper-extremity injuries. It is important to develop muscle strength and proprioception to protect against these injuries.

Throwers Ten exercise programme is a programme designed to improve the power, strength and endurance of large muscle groups required for the throwing activity. It consists of exercises involving the movement of upper limb joints in full range of joint motion (ROM) or at specified specific angles, with the help of a resistance band and weights specific to individual athletes. In a study conducted by Wilk et al., it was reported that muscle strength and endurance were improved by increasing muscle activation and facilitation, and achieving dynamic stabilisation by adding isometric contractions to the concentric/eccentric contractions applied in the Throwers Ten exercise programme.

In the literature, no study has demonstrated the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme in these sports groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme on upper-extremity function and explosive power in the WC basketball players and stand-up basketball players. In addition, because the WC basketball players and stand-up basketball players were evaluated in this study, our secondary aim was to elucidate the differences in responses to the exercise programme between a group without lower-extremity use and incomplete strength distribution and a group with complete strength distribution.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 28
• Est. completion date: November 21, 2019
• Est. primary completion date: November 20, 2019
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Male
• Age group: 18 Years to 60 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Asymptomatic athletes

• Professional athlete who plays at least 10 years

• Subjects who are voluntary to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Upper extremity related surgery in past 6 months

• Rotator cuff tears in past 3 months

• Current pain in shoulder and neck

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Arm Injuries
• Athletic Injuries
• Muscle Weakness
• Shoulder Pain
• Sport Injury
• Upper Extremity Injury
• Wounds and Injuries

Intervention

Other:
• The effect of throwers ten exercise programme on wheelchair basketball and ambulant basketball players
Throwers Ten exercise programme is a programme designed to improve the power, strength and endurance of large muscle groups required for the throwing activity. It consists of exercises involving the movement of upper limb joints in full range of joint motion or at specified specific angles, with the help of a resistance band and weights specific to individual athletes. In the literature, no study has demonstrated the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme in wheelchair basketball and ambulant basketball players.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Cyprus	Mehmet Reis Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Center	Nicosia	Lefkosa

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Hacettepe University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Cyprus, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Measurement of Muscle Strength (Absolute Values Are Being Reported)	The strength of shoulder flexion, abduction, external rotation (E.R), internal rotation(I.R) and elbow flexion will measure as isometric muscle strength in kg by J-Tech Medical/USA Tracker Freedom Isometric Muscle Test.	All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported.
Primary	Medicine Ball Throwing Test (Absolute Values Are Being Reported)	In this test, the distance that a 3-kg ball can be thrown will measure to assess upper-extremity explosive strength. The test will conduct in two different positions. In the first test, the participant will seat in a chair of sufficient height without armrests so that the scapula will be in a free position. The ball is then grasp with both hands and throw forward overhead, and the distance will record. In the second test, the participant is in the same starting position and throw the ball forward with two hands after bringing it to the chest level, and the distance will record.	All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported.
Primary	Hand Grip Test (Absolute Value Are Being Reported)	Hand-grip strength will measure with a J-Tech Medical/USA Tracker Freedom Grip in kg.	All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported.
Secondary	Measurement of Range of Motion (Absolute Values Are Being Reported)	Shoulder flexion, abduction and external rotation (E.R), internal rotation (I.R) range of movement will measure in degrees by J-Tech Medical/US Tracker Freedom Goniometer.	All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported.