Plasma Glucose Levels With Dexamethasone as Adjuvant to Interscalene Block

Shoulder Pain Clinical Trial

Official title:

Plasma Glucose Levels With Dexamethasone as Adjuvant to Interscalene Block

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Withdrawn

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01538459
• Other study ID #: NHCNE.2012.0001
• Status: Withdrawn
• Phase: Phase 3
• First received: February 20, 2012
• Last updated: May 17, 2013
• Start date: November 2012
• Est. completion date: November 2013

Study information

• Verified date: May 2013
• Source: Lifespan
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: United States: Food and Drug AdministrationUnited States: Federal Government
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this study is to determine the Finger Blood Glucose (sugar) when dexamethasone is added to a local anesthetic for a shoulder nerve block procedure. The investigators hypothesize that there is no increase in plasma glucose when 8 mg of dexamethasone is used as an adjuvant with local anesthetic to interscalene regional anesthesia. By performing finger stick blood glucose measures pre/peri and post operatively the investigators will be able to determine if any such increase exists.

Description:

Patients receiving regional anesthesia for orthopedic surgeries are provided with significant pain relief in the post-operative period. Dexamethasone as an adjuvant to local anesthetic has been shown to provide increased duration of block without adverse effects. Use of steroids as adjuvants are restricted to non-diabetics due to concern for increased plasma glucose from systemic absorption. The investigators hypothesize that there will be no difference(increase) from patient baseline(preoperative plasma glucose) in plasma glucose levels up to 4 hours post nerve block in patients who receive 8 mg of dexamethasone used as an adjuvant with local anesthetic to interscalene regional anesthesia. Research has demonstrated the safety and efficacy of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to local anesthetic in peripheral nerve block. Currently there are no studies which document any plasma glucose effects(or lack of effects) from dexamethasone used as an adjuvant to regional anesthesia. Currently dexamethasone is used clinically off label by anesthesiologists as an adjuvant in association with local anesthetic for nerve block anesthesia. Once studies are completed, the investigators hope to allow diabetics to also receive the prolongation of pain relief associated with the use of steroid as an adjuvant. In addition, the increased educational and pharmacological data gleamed from the data can potentially be utilized for future studies with dexamethasone utilized perineurally.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Withdrawn
• Enrollment: 0
• Est. completion date: November 2013
• Est. primary completion date: November 2013
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Both
• Age group: 18 Years to 75 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• ASA 1 or ASA 2 male or female non pregnant patients undergoing elective shoulder arthroscopy for surgical repair.

Exclusion Criteria:

• severe lung disease

• contralateral diaphragmatic paralysis

• coagulopathy

• pregnancy

• pre-existing neuropathy involving the surgical limb

• systemic use of corticosteroids for 2 weeks or longer within 6 months of surgery

• chronic opioid use (30 mg oral oxycodone equivalent per day)

• diabetes I or II

• diagnosis of "pre-diabetes"

• currently prescribed any of the oral glucose medications :sulfonylureas, meglitinides, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, or DPP-4 inhibitors.

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Pharmacokinetics/Dynamics Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Treatment

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Disease
• Disorder of Rotator Cuff
• Disorder of Shoulder
• Disorder of Tendon of Biceps
• Injury of Shoulder Region
• Shoulder Pain

Intervention

Drug:
• Dexamethasone
8mg (2cc 4mg/cc Solution) mixed with 20 cc 0.25% bupivacaine in one syringe resulting in 364 µgm/cc for injection in perineural space. One time dose during nerve block preoperatively.
• Bupivacaine
Control Group receives 20 cc 0.25% bupivacaine without any adjuvants

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Newport Hospital	Newport	Rhode Island

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Lifespan	United States Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (13)

Bigat Z, Boztug N, Hadimioglu N, Cete N, Coskunfirat N, Ertok E. Does dexamethasone improve the quality of intravenous regional anesthesia and analgesia? A randomized, controlled clinical study. Anesth Analg. 2006 Feb;102(2):605-9. — View Citation

Cummings KC 3rd, Napierkowski DE, Parra-Sanchez I, Kurz A, Dalton JE, Brems JJ, Sessler DI. Effect of dexamethasone on the duration of interscalene nerve blocks with ropivacaine or bupivacaine. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Sep;107(3):446-53. doi: 10.1093/bja/aer159. Epub 2011 Jun 14. — View Citation

Dräger C, Benziger D, Gao F, Berde CB. Prolonged intercostal nerve blockade in sheep using controlled-release of bupivacaine and dexamethasone from polymer microspheres. Anesthesiology. 1998 Oct;89(4):969-79. — View Citation

Holte K, Werner MU, Lacouture PG, Kehlet H. Dexamethasone prolongs local analgesia after subcutaneous infiltration of bupivacaine microcapsules in human volunteers. Anesthesiology. 2002 Jun;96(6):1331-5. — View Citation

Kopacz DJ, Bernards CM, Allen HW, Landau C, Nandy P, Wu D, Lacouture PG. A model to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables of extended-release products using in vivo tissue microdialysis in humans: bupivacaine-loaded microcapsules. Anesth Analg. 2003 Jul;97(1):124-31, table of contents. — View Citation

Kopacz DJ, Lacouture PG, Wu D, Nandy P, Swanton R, Landau C. The dose response and effects of dexamethasone on bupivacaine microcapsules for intercostal blockade (T9 to T11) in healthy volunteers. Anesth Analg. 2003 Feb;96(2):576-82, table of contents. — View Citation

Manchikanti L, Boswell MV, Datta S, Fellows B, Abdi S, Singh V, Benyamin RM, Falco FJ, Helm S, Hayek SM, Smith HS; ASIPP. Comprehensive review of therapeutic interventions in managing chronic spinal pain. Pain Physician. 2009 Jul-Aug;12(4):E123-98. Review. — View Citation

Movafegh A, Razazian M, Hajimaohamadi F, Meysamie A. Dexamethasone added to lidocaine prolongs axillary brachial plexus blockade. Anesth Analg. 2006 Jan;102(1):263-7. — View Citation

Parrington SJ, O'Donnell D, Chan VW, Brown-Shreves D, Subramanyam R, Qu M, Brull R. Dexamethasone added to mepivacaine prolongs the duration of analgesia after supraclavicular brachial plexus blockade. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010 Sep-Oct;35(5):422-6. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3181e85eb9. — View Citation

Raj's Practical Management of Pain, 4th ed. Benzon HT, Rathmel JP, Wu CL, Turk DC, Argoff CE, eds. Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier, 2008.

Thornton PC, Grant SA, Breslin DS. Adjuncts to local anesthetics in peripheral nerve blockade. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2010 Fall;48(4):59-70. doi: 10.1097/AIA.0b013e3181f89af1. Review. — View Citation

Vieira PA, Pulai I, Tsao GC, Manikantan P, Keller B, Connelly NR. Dexamethasone with bupivacaine increases duration of analgesia in ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus blockade. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2010 Mar;27(3):285-8. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e3283350c38. — View Citation

Williams BA, Hough KA, Tsui BY, Ibinson JW, Gold MS, Gebhart GF. Neurotoxicity of adjuvants used in perineural anesthesia and analgesia in comparison with ropivacaine. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2011 May-Jun;36(3):225-30. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e3182176f70. — View Citation

* Note: There are 13 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Increased Blood Sugar after Dexamethasone added to local anesthetic for interscalene nerve block.	Normal fasting blood glucose is defined by investigators as less than 100mg/dL.(current literature suggests normal is 70-100 so investigators have chosen to utilize high normal.) Any increase greater than 10%(or 10mg/dL ) would be considered a response to the dexamethasone.	4 hours	No
Secondary	Pain post-operative(immediately)- both at rest and with movement(VAS Scale)	Investigators will document patient pain in post-anesthesia care unit (both at rest and with movement)utilizing the VAS scale.	4 hours	No
Secondary	Time until first narcotic usage post operatively	Patients will be called for follow-up days 1, 2 and 14 and provided with a pain diary to document first narcotic usage.	14 days	No
Secondary	Block Quality and Duration(time until first motor return)	Patients will be called for follow up on days 1, 2 and 14 and provided with a pain diary to document the quality and duration of the motor block.	14 Days	No
Secondary	Block Quality and Duration(time until first sensory return)	Patients will be called for follow up on days 1, 2 and 14 and provided with a pain diary to document the quality and duration of the sensory block.	14 Days	No