Shoulder Arthritis — Reverse Shoulder Replacement: Age 60 or Younger Outcomes
Citation(s)
Frankle M, Levy JC, Pupello D, Siegal S, Saleem A, Mighell M, Vasey M The reverse shoulder prosthesis for glenohumeral arthritis associated with severe rotator cuff deficiency. a minimum two-year follow-up study of sixty patients surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Sep;88 Suppl 1 Pt 2:178-90.
Naveed MA, Kitson J, Bunker TD The Delta III reverse shoulder replacement for cuff tear arthropathy: a single-centre study of 50 consecutive procedures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011 Jan;93(1):57-61. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.93B1.24218.
Nolan BM, Ankerson E, Wiater JM Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty improves function in cuff tear arthropathy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011 Sep;469(9):2476-82. doi: 10.1007/s11999-010-1683-z.
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty in Patients 60 Years Old and Younger: Short-term Clinical and Radiographic Results
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
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Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
