Respiratory Insufficiency — Development of a Tracheal Sound Sensor
Citation(s)
Chen G, de la Cruz I, Rodriguez-Villegas E Automatic lung tidal volumes estimation from tracheal sounds. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2014;2014:1497-500. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2014.6943885.
Mildh LH, Scheinin H, Kirvelä OA The concentration-effect relationship of the respiratory depressant effects of alfentanil and fentanyl. Anesth Analg. 2001 Oct;93(4):939-46.
Ramsay MA, Usman M, Lagow E, Mendoza M, Untalan E, De Vol E The accuracy, precision and reliability of measuring ventilatory rate and detecting ventilatory pause by rainbow acoustic monitoring and capnometry. Anesth Analg. 2013 Jul;117(1):69-75. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318290c798. Epub 2013 Apr 30.
Shafer SL, Varvel JR, Aziz N, Scott JC Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl administered by computer-controlled infusion pump. Anesthesiology. 1990 Dec;73(6):1091-102.
Volkow ND, Collins FS The Role of Science in the Opioid Crisis. N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 2;377(18):1798. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1711494.
Yadollahi A, Moussavi ZM Acoustical respiratory flow. A review of reliable methods for measuring air flow. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 2007 Jan-Feb;26(1):56-61. Review.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
