TRUS-FNA For The Prediction Of pCR After Neoadjuvant Treatment In Rectal Cancer

Rectal Cancer Clinical Trial

Official title:

TRUS-FNA Versus MRI， CT， Enteroscopy, Superficial Biopsy, TRUS For The Prediction Of pCR After Neoadjuvant Treatment In Rectal Cancer

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04939103
• Other study ID #: luoyanxin
• Status: Completed
• Start date: July 1, 2021
• Est. completion date: July 31, 2022

Study information

• Verified date: August 2022
• Source: Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational [Patient Registry]

Clinical Trial Summary

Colorectal cancer is one of the most malignancies worldwide. The dominant clinical research strategy of LARC includes neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy before radical surgery followed combined with adjuvant treatment. Approximately 15% to 20% of the patients after nCRT can achieve a pathologic complete response (pCR)---no residual tumor is reported at histology after a standard resection. Some researchers suggest that those patients with pCR can be spared the morbidities of surgery instead by a nonoperative approach---watch- and-wait(W&W). However, neither FDG-PET, MRI, CT, nor enteroscopy can accurately determine a pCR.

EUS-FNA has been an important technique for the diagnosis of rectal cancer for its high accuracy and little harm. However, data on the TRUS-FNA for the cytologic diagnosis of pCR in rectal cancer is scarce. Our hypothesis is that adding transrectal ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (TRUS-FNA) compared with enteroscopy , MR, and CT alone can improve the accuracy of predicting pCR after nCRT.Therefore, the aim of the study is to assess the performance characteristics of EUS-FNA in this setting.

Description:

Following the neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer, appropriately 15-20%of patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment can achieve pathological complete response: a condition of no tumor cell detected in surgical specimens, which usually suggests improved oncology outcomes. In 2004, Habr-Gama, A et al. proposed that surgical resection may not increase overall and disease-free survival in these patients and lead to an increased risk of surgical complications and permanent stoma. Therefore, they suggested that nonoperative treatment, which is now referred to as "watch-and-wait"--patients with clinical complete response (cCR) can avoid unnecessary surgery and be managed by strict follow-up and observation alone. A series of studies have shown impressive survival outcomes in patients who received nonoperativetreatment:85-93% and 82-94% in 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival, respectively. Also, in case of relapse, the rate of successfully performed salvage surgery was 80-91%.

However, determining pCR after neoadjuvant treatment for distal rectal cancer remains a dilemma for clinicians. Different imaging modalities, including digital rectal examination (DRE), fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), Computed Tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and endoscopy have been well evaluated for the efficacy of predicting pCR. In contrast, none of them proved to be reliable.

Duldulao et al. found that after neoadjuvant treatment, rectal tumor cells are distributed preferentially in the muscularis of the bowel wall while few in the mucosa. That is why superficial biopsies were inadequate, and full-thickness apparitions on tumor focus may provide adequate sampling to rule out malignancy for all stages of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant treatment. Therefore, fine-needle aspiration assisted with TRUS (TRUS-FNA), which can harvest a whole layer of the bowel wall, has shown obvious advantages in this setting.

Although widely used in clinical practice, studies regarding the application of TRUS-FNA in predicting pCR after preoperative therapy of rectal cancer were scarce. We hypothesized that TRUS-FNA could improve the clinical practice of identifying patients achieving pCR after neoadjuvant treatment. Accordingly, we conducted this prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of TURS-FNA, compared with other imaging modalities, TRUS, MRI, CT, enteroscopy, and superficial biopsy, in predicting pCR of rectal cancer after neoadjuvant treatment.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 63
• Est. completion date: July 31, 2022
• Est. primary completion date: June 1, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• a new diagnosis of histologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma

• tumor located below the peritoneum reflex

• over 18 years old

• T1-4,N0-2,M0 before nCRT

• complete nCRT treatment

• ASA>III or ECOG>1

• informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• multiple primary colorectal cancer

• the history of malignant tumor,IBD,FAP

• the history of chemoradiation treatment or resection of rectal tumor

• actue abdomen disease requiring emergency surgery

• not be able to tolerate surgery with severe organ dysfunction

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• EUS-FNA
• Rectal Cancer
• Rectal Neoplasms

Intervention

Device:
• TRUS-FNA
Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Fine Needle Aspiration for rectal tumor

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
China	The Sixth Affiliate Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University	GuangZhou	Guangdong

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

China, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	the accuracy of predicting pCR after nCRT	The primary endpoint was the predictive yield of TRUS-FNA for pathological complete responses after neoadjuvant treatment.	25/05/2021-25/05/2022