Prostate Cancer — Hong Kong Prostate Cancer Study Group Database
Citation(s)
Chiu PK, Wong AY, Hou SM, Yip SK, Ng CF Effect of body mass index on serum prostate-specific antigen levels among patients presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(8):1937-40.
Ng CF, Chiu PK, Lam NY, Lam HC, Lee KW, Hou SS The Prostate Health Index in predicting initial prostate biopsy outcomes in Asian men with prostate-specific antigen levels of 4-10 ng/mL. Int Urol Nephrol. 2014 Apr;46(4):711-7. doi: 10.1007/s11255-013-0582-0. Epub 2013 Oct 18.
Ng CF, Yeung R, Chiu PK, Lam NY, Chow J, Chan B The role of urine prostate cancer antigen 3 mRNA levels in the diagnosis of prostate cancer among Hong Kong Chinese patients. Hong Kong Med J. 2012 Dec;18(6):459-65.
Sasagawa I, Nakada T Epidemiology of prostatic cancer in East Asia. Arch Androl. 2001 Nov-Dec;47(3):195-201. doi: 10.1080/014850101753145906.
Sim HG, Cheng CW Changing demography of prostate cancer in Asia. Eur J Cancer. 2005 Apr;41(6):834-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.12.033.
Wilt TJ, MacDonald R, Rutks I, Shamliyan TA, Taylor BC, Kane RL Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and harms of treatments for clinically localized prostate cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2008 Mar 18;148(6):435-48. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-148-6-200803180-00209. Epub 2008 Feb 4. Erratum In: Ann Intern Med. 2008 Jun 3;148(11):888.
Wilt TJ, Thompson IM Clinically localised prostate cancer. BMJ. 2006 Nov 25;333(7578):1102-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39022.423588.DE. No abstract available.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
