Progesterone Resistance — Variation of Progesterone in IVF Cycles
Citation(s)
Bosch E, Labarta E, Crespo J, Simón C, Remohí J, Jenkins J, Pellicer A Circulating progesterone levels and ongoing pregnancy rates in controlled ovarian stimulation cycles for in vitro fertilization: analysis of over 4000 cycles. Hum Reprod. 2010 Aug;25(8):2092-100. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deq125. Epub 2010 Jun 10.
Griesinger G, Mannaerts B, Andersen CY, Witjes H, Kolibianakis EM, Gordon K Progesterone elevation does not compromise pregnancy rates in high responders: a pooled analysis of in vitro fertilization patients treated with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone/gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist in six trials. Fertil Steril. 2013 Dec;100(6):1622-8.e1-3. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.08.045. Epub 2013 Sep 29.
Patton PE, Lim JY, Hickok LR, Kettel LM, Larson JM, Pau KY Precision of progesterone measurements with the use of automated immunoassay analyzers and the impact on clinical decisions for in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2014 Jun;101(6):1629-36. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.037. Epub 2014 Mar 21.
Requena A, Cruz M, Bosch E, Meseguer M, García-Velasco JA High progesterone levels in women with high ovarian response do not affect clinical outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2014 Jul 26;12:69. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-69.
Thomsen LH, Kesmodel US, Andersen CY, Humaidan P Daytime Variation in Serum Progesterone During the Mid-Luteal Phase in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Mar 19;9:92. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00092. eCollection 2018.
Venetis CA, Kolibianakis EM, Bosdou JK, Tarlatzis BC Progesterone elevation and probability of pregnancy after IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis of over 60 000 cycles. Hum Reprod Update. 2013 Sep-Oct;19(5):433-57. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmt014. Epub 2013 Jul 4.
Yding Andersen C, Bungum L, Nyboe Andersen A, Humaidan P Preovulatory progesterone concentration associates significantly to follicle number and LH concentration but not to pregnancy rate. Reprod Biomed Online. 2011 Aug;23(2):187-95. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.04.003. Epub 2011 Apr 28.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
