Primary Dysmenorrhea Clinical Trial
Official title:
Comparison of the Effects of Pain Neuroscience Education and Biomedical Pain Education in Primary Dysmenorrhea
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of biomedical pain education and pain neuroscience education, in addition to routine exercise training, on menstrual pain parameters (pain severity and duration, analgesic use), menstrual stress, somatosensory function, pain catastrophizing, pain beliefs, anxiety/depressive symptom level and quality of life in healthy individuals with primary dysmenorrhea.The design of the study is parallel group, randomized study. Individuals will be randomly assigned to one of the pain neuroscience education or biomedical pain education research arms. In the literature, there is no study comparing the effects of pain neuroscience education and biomedical pain education in primary dysmenorrhea, which is a problem that affects women's lives significantly. It is important to reveal the effects of different pain trainings for effective pain management in primary dysmenorrhea.
Status | Recruiting |
Enrollment | 38 |
Est. completion date | December 1, 2024 |
Est. primary completion date | December 1, 2024 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | No |
Gender | Female |
Age group | 18 Years and older |
Eligibility | Inclusion Criteria: - Not having any known disease (systemic, metabolic, etc.), - Meeting the primary dysmenorrhea criteria specified in the Primary Dysmenorrhea Consensus Guide (onset of menstrual pain 6-24 months after menarche, menstrual pain lasting 8-72 hours, and the most severe menstrual pain felt on the 1st or 2nd day of menstruation), - Having a regular menstrual cycle (28± 7 days), - In the last 6 months, menstrual pain intensity is = 4 cm according to the visual analog scale, - Nulligravid, - 18 years and over, - Volunteer healthy female individuals who consented to participate in the study, willing to be randomized, will be included. Exclusion Criteria: - Pathological pelvic conditions including endometriosis, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, adenomyosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometrial fibroids/polyps or sexually transmitted diseases, - History of pelvic or abdominal surgery - Using anti-depressants or anxiolytics because of their ability to modulate the sensation of pain, - Receiving alternative treatment, - Individuals using an intrauterine contraceptive device or birth control pill will not be included. |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
Turkey | Büsra Nur Erol | Ankara |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Hacettepe University |
Turkey,
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* Note: There are 11 references in all — Click here to view all references
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Severity of menstrual pain | Visual Analogue Scale (VAS): This scale is a 10cm horizontal line. 0= no pain/meaning no effect, 10= unbearable pain/ experiencing | Change in severity of menstrual pain from baseline up to end of 2 menstrual cycles (each cycle is 28± 7 days) | |
Secondary | Menstrual stress level | Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ): The scale consists of 47 menstrual symptoms and 8 sub-symptom groups. Complaints are scored from 0 to 4. 0=no symptoms, 1=little, 2=moderate, 3=severe, 4=very severe. | Change in level of menstrual stress from baseline up to end of 2 menstrual cycles (each cycle is 28± 7 days) | |
Secondary | Somatosensory function status | Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI): CSI consists of two parts. Part A contains 25 items that assess somatic and emotional health-related symptoms common in Central sensitization-related disorders.
Each item is graded on a 5-point scale from (0) "never" to (4) "always", with a maximum total score of 100. Higher scores indicate a higher degree of symptomatology. Section B includes 7 diagnoses of central sensitization syndromes (tension headaches/migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, restless legs syndrome, temporomandibular joint disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, and multiple chemical sensitivities) and three additional diagnoses found to be associated with central sensitization ( depression, anxiety/panic attack, and neck injury); Participants were asked, together with the year of diagnosis, "Has any of the following conditions been diagnosed by a doctor?" contains the question. |
Change in status of somatosensory function from baseline up to end of 2 menstrual cycles (each cycle is 28± 7 days) | |
Secondary | Menstrual pain catastrophizing state | Pain Catastrophizing Scale: It has 13 items and consists of 3 sub-dimensions (helplessness, magnification and rumination). Questions are scored between 0-4. Subscales are determined by summing the scores of each item, and the total score (between 0 and 52 points) is calculated with the sum of all items. A higher score means a greater degree of catastrophization. | Change in state of menstrual pain catastrophizing from baseline up to end of 2 menstrual cycles (each cycle is 28± 7 days) | |
Secondary | Menstrual pain beliefs status | Pain Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ): It contains 12 items related to pain beliefs. PBQ-O is an 8-item subscale, and PBQ-P is a 4-item subscale. Organic beliefs sub-dimension consists of items 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 11, and psychological beliefs sub-dimension consists of items 4, 6, 9 and 12. Participants mark the appropriate answer for themselves on a 6-point response scale ranging from "always" to "never". | Change in status of menstrual pain beliefs from baseline up to end of 2 menstrual cycles (each cycle is 28± 7 days) | |
Secondary | Anxiety/depressive symptom level | Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21): It is a valid measure for depression, anxiety, and stress in adults. Each of the three subscales contains 7 items; each is answered from zero (never) to three (always).
Higher scores indicate greater levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. |
Change in level of anxiety/depressive symptom from baseline up to end of 2 menstrual cycles (each cycle is 28± 7 days) | |
Secondary | Quality of life level | World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF): 442 / 5.000 Çeviri sonuçlari The WHOQOl-BREF is a 26-item self-administered questionnaire and covers 4 dimensions of quality of life (6 items for psychological health, 7 items for physical health, 3 items for social relationships, and 8 items for environmental health). Except for 3 questions targeting pain and discomfort, need for medical treatment, and negative emotions, each question has response categories ranging from 1 to 5, and a high score indicates high quality of life. | Change in level of quality of life from baseline up to end of 2 menstrual cycles (each cycle is 28± 7 days) | |
Secondary | Perception of change | 5-point likert scale: Individuals' perception of subjective changes in menstrual pain and other menstrual symptoms with interventions will be evaluated. -2= much worse, -1= slightly worse, 0= no change, 1= slightly better, 2= much better. The changes in the menstrual symptoms of the individuals just after the end of the interventions and 3 months after the end of the interventions will be questioned when compared with the baseline. | Change in menstrual symptoms immediately after the end of 2 menstrual cycles (each cycle is 28± 7 days) and 3 months after the end of the interventions compared with baseline |
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