Premature Infants Clinical Trial
Official title:
Impact of Antenatal Exposure to Pesticides on Neurophysiological Functions (Sleep, Respiration) of Preterm Neonates
During pregnancy, the foetus is therefore chronically exposed to a large number of
substances. A number of studies have started to emphasize the effects of this antenatal
exposure on the newborn infant's morphological parameters (weight, crown-rump length, etc.).
However, in addition to these morphological effects, pesticides may also induce various
effects on physiological functions, as some pesticides act as inhibitors of neurotransmitters
involved in many nervous system regulation pathways in man. This is particularly the case for
organophosphates, which act as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. A previous study conducted by
the coordinator of the project presented here demonstrated the presence of high levels of
this type of pesticide in meconium (1st stool) in neonates born in Picardy. This inhibition
of the enzyme metabolizing ACh could have an impact on neurophysiological functions mediated
by this neurotransmitter. Sleep or respiratory control, vital functions of the neonate
particularly in preterm neonates, could therefore be affected.
The PhysioMéco project is therefore designed to study the possible links between antenatal
exposure to pesticides and modifications of respiratory control allowed by peripheral
chemoreceptor in preterm neonates. Antenatal exposure will be determined by pesticide assays
in the meconium of neonates in combination with an exposure questionnaire to determine the
sources of these pesticides. Sleep and respiratory control will be studied in these neonates
nursed in incubators. Hypoxic test will be used in order to assess respiratory control
involving the peripheral chemoreceptors.
n/a
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