The Effect Of Baby Smell On The Amount Of Breast Milk, Salivary Cortisol Level And Mother Baby Attachment

Premature Birth Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Effect Of Baby Smell On The Amount Of Breast Milk, Salivary Cortisol Level And Mother Baby Attachment: A Randomized Controlled Study

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT06096961
• Other study ID #: OYKUCALISMA
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: November 1, 2023
• Est. completion date: April 1, 2024

Study information

• Verified date: October 2023
• Source: Eskisehir Osmangazi University
• Contact: OYKU BALI BILGI
• Phone: +905074160813
• Email: oykubali7[@]gmail.com
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The goal of this [type of study: randomized controlled clinical trial] is to [determine the effect of applying the scent of premature newborns who cannot be breastfed to the mother on the mother's milk amount, salivary cortisol level and mother-infant attachment.] in [mothers of premature babies]. The main question[s] it aims to answer are:

• [Hypothesis 1: There is a difference in the amount of milk of the mother.]

• [Hypothesis 2: There is a difference in the level of cortisol in the mother's saliva.]

• [Hypothesis 3: There is a difference in terms of mother-baby attachment level.] Participants will [Participants will express milk and record the amount of milk.].

If there is a comparison group: Researchers will compare [control and experimental groups] to see if [difference in amount of milk, cortisol level, baby attachment].

Description:

The study was planned as a randomized controlled study to determine the effect of applying the scent of non-breastfeedable premature newborns to the mother on the mother's milk quantity, salivary cortisol level and mother-baby bonding. The study is planned to be conducted with the mothers of premature infants whose babies are hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Bursa City Hospital. There will be two groups in the study: study and control group. For each group, 30 mothers will be included in the study. The study will continue for four days. The mothers in the experimental group will be given the gowns that their babies wear for 12 hours and they will be asked to smell these gowns during the milking process. On the 1st day, mothers in both groups will be trained on expressing and storing breast milk (frequency of expressing milk, appropriate speed of the pump, milk storage bags, room temperature, storage times in the refrigerator and freezer). All mothers will be ensured to express their milk with the same milk pumps. Mothers will be provided with a syringe to measure their milk. The mothers will be asked to express their milk at three-hour intervals and record the amount measured. Mothers in the experimental group will be asked to smell their babies' scented clothes during the milking process. A sample will be taken from the mothers to look at the cortisol level in saliva. Data collection forms will be filled in. On the 2nd and 3rd day, mothers will be asked to express their milk at three-hour intervals and record the amount they measured on the mother follow-up form. The mothers in the experimental group will be asked to smell their babies' smelly clothes during the milking process. On the 4th day, mothers will be asked to express their milk at three-hour intervals and record the amount they measured on the mother follow-up form. The mothers in the experimental group will be asked to smell their babies' scented clothes during the milking process. The mothers will be sampled again to check the cortisol level in saliva. Mother-infant attachment scale will be applied.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 60
• Est. completion date: April 1, 2024
• Est. primary completion date: April 1, 2024
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Female
• Age group: N/A and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Mother's acceptance of the application

• Ability to communicate with the mother (being literate, speaking Turkish, etc.)

• Gestational week being 34 weeks or less

• The newborn is in the NICU

Exclusion Criteria:

• The newborn's gestational age is over 34 weeks

• The mother is breastfeeding her baby

• Being a smoker (Ahmed et al. 2019)

• The mother is unable to express milk due to a serious chronic disease or pregnancy complication.

• The mother has a breast problem that may affect milk expression (cracked, mastitis, collapse, etc.).

• If the mother uses milk-boosting drinks or food

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Mother-Infant Interaction
• Premature Birth

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Baby smell
Mothers in the experimental group will be given baby clothes that their babies will wear for 12 hours and will be asked to smell these clothes during the milking process.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Turkey	Eskisehir Osmangazi University	Eskisehir

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Eskisehir Osmangazi University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Turkey, 

References & Publications (21)

Ahmed, F., Jean-Baptiste, F., Thompson, A., Nwokorie, U., Nya, G. E., & Bassey, G. O. . Effects of maternal tobacco smoking on breast milk composition and infant development: a literature review. J Bacteriol Mycol Open Access. 2019; 7(5): 107-110.

Ak J, Lakshmanagowda PB, G C M P, Goturu J. Impact of music therapy on breast milk secretion in mothers of premature newborns. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015 Apr;9(4):CC04-6. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/11642.5776. Epub 2015 Apr 1. — View Citation

Akkoca Z, Yigit D, Acikgoz A. The Effect of Neonates' Exposure to Their Mother's Scent on Weight Gain: A Randomized Controlled Study. Breastfeed Med. 2022 Jan;17(1):79-84. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0274. Epub 2021 Dec 22. — View Citation

Aydemir Karakulak, H, Alparslan, Ö. Anne-bebek baglanma ölçeginin türk toplumuna uyarlanmasi: Aydin örnegi . Çagdas Tip Dergisi. 2016; 6 (3) : 188-199 .

Cakirli M, Acikgoz A. A Randomized Controlled Trial: The Effect of Own Mother's Breast Milk Odor and Another Mother's Breast Milk Odor on Pain Level of Newborn Infants. Breastfeed Med. 2021 Jan;16(1):75-81. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2020.0222. Epub 2020 Oct 20. — View Citation

Chrustek A, Dombrowska-Pali A, Olszewska-Slonina D. Analysis of the composition and antioxidant status of breast milk in women giving birth prematurely and on time. PLoS One. 2021 Jul 23;16(7):e0255252. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255252. eCollection 2021. — View Citation

Dabas S, Joshi P, Agarwal R, Yadav RK, & Kachhawa G. Impact of audio assisted relaxation technique on stress, anxiety and milk output among postpartum mothers of hospitalized neonates: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Neonatal Nursing. 2019; 25(4): 200-204.

De Clifford-Faugère G, Aita M, Héon M,& Le May S. Management of procedural pain in preterm infants through olfactive stimulation with mothers' milk: A pilot study. Science of Nursing and Health Practices. 2019; 2(1): 1-13.

Holditch-Davis D, Santos H, Levy J, White-Traut R, O'Shea TM, Geraldo V, David R. Patterns of psychological distress in mothers of preterm infants. Infant Behav Dev. 2015 Nov;41:154-63. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2015.10.004. Epub 2015 Oct 22. — View Citation

Kömürcü B. Erken dogan bebek annelerinde travma sonrasi stres: iliskili etmenler ve müdahale çalismalari üzerine bir derleme. Nesne-Psikoloji Dergisi. 2020; 8(16): 158-170.

Merter ÖS, Altay N. Yenidogan yogun bakimda izlenen prematüre bebeklerin anne sütü ile beslenme durumlarinin degerlendirilmesi. Gazi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020; 5 (1): 21-29.

Miller J, Tonkin E, Damarell RA, McPhee AJ, Suganuma M, Suganuma H, Middleton PF, Makrides M, Collins CT. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Milk Feeding and Morbidity in Very Low Birth Weight Infants. Nutrients. 2018 May 31;10(6):707. doi: 10.3390/nu10060707. — View Citation

Montirosso R, Provenzi L, Calciolari G, Borgatti R; NEO-ACQUA Study Group. Measuring maternal stress and perceived support in 25 Italian NICUs. Acta Paediatr. 2012 Feb;101(2):136-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02440.x. Epub 2011 Sep 14. — View Citation

Neu M, Hazel NA, Robinson J, Schmiege SJ, Laudenslager M. Effect of holding on co-regulation in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. Early Hum Dev. 2014 Mar;90(3):141-7. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.01.008. Epub 2014 Jan 27. — View Citation

Özlü F, Tunç A, Yildizdas HY, & Büyükkurt S. Geç prematüre dogan bebeklerin postnatal ilk 15 günde karsilastiklari sorunlarin degerlendirilmesi. Çocuk Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Dergisi. 2017; 60(2): 39-54.

Rojas MA, Kaplan M, Quevedo M, Sherwonit E, Foster L, Ehrenkranz RA, Mayes L. Somatic growth of preterm infants during skin-to-skin care versus traditional holding: a randomized, controlled trial. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2003 Jun;24(3):163-8. doi: 10.1097/00004703-200306000-00006. — View Citation

Suzan ÖK. Kolostrum: Özellikleri ve prematüre bebege faydalari. Sürekli Tip Egitimi Dergisi. 2020; 29(3): 221-227

Tasci B, Kuzlu Ayyildiz T. The Calming Effect of Maternal Breast Milk Odor on Term Infant: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Breastfeed Med. 2020 Nov;15(11):724-730. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2020.0116. Epub 2020 Oct 29. — View Citation

Taylor A, Atkins R, Kumar R, Adams D, Glover V. A new Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale: links with early maternal mood. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2005 May;8(1):45-51. doi: 10.1007/s00737-005-0074-z. Epub 2005 May 4. — View Citation

Trend S, Strunk T, Lloyd ML, Kok CH, Metcalfe J, Geddes DT, Lai CT, Richmond P, Doherty DA, Simmer K, Currie A. Levels of innate immune factors in preterm and term mothers' breast milk during the 1st month postpartum. Br J Nutr. 2016 Apr 14;115(7):1178-93. doi: 10.1017/S0007114516000234. Epub 2016 Feb 19. — View Citation

Varisoglu Y, Güngör Satilmis I. Preterm dogumlarda anne sütü ve anne sütünü artirmaya yönelik alternatif yöntemler . Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal. 2019; 2 (2): 99-113 .

* Note: There are 21 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	amount of breast milk		Mothers participating in the study will express their milk every three hours for four days and record the amount of milk.
Secondary	mother baby attachment scale	This scale, which can be applied from the first day after birth and shows the relationship between the mother's mood and the bond established, allows the mother to express the feelings she feels towards her baby with a single word. The scale, whose original name is "Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale", was developed by Taylor et al. in 2005. It was adapted into Turkish by Aydemir and Alparslan (2008). The scale is a 4-point Likert type and consists of eight items. Responses consist of four options and are scored between 0 and 3. Since they express positive emotion, the first, fourth and sixth items are scored as 0, 1, 2, 3, and since they express negative emotion, the second, third, fifth, seventh and eighth items are scored as 3, 2, 1, 0. The lowest score that can be obtained is 0, the highest score is 24.	The mother-infant attachment scale will be applied to the mothers participating in the study on the first and fourth day of the study.
Secondary	salivary cortisol level		Saliva cortisol test will be applied to the mothers participating in the study on the first and fourth day of the study.

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