Pregnancy Related — Feasibility of Calm to Reduce Stress and Improve Sleep During Pregnancy
Citation(s)
Gravel J, Opatrny L, Shapiro S The intention-to-treat approach in randomized controlled trials: are authors saying what they do and doing what they say? Clin Trials. 2007;4(4):350-6.
Huberty J, Green J, Glissmann C, Larkey L, Puzia M, Lee C Efficacy of the Mindfulness Meditation Mobile App "Calm" to Reduce Stress Among College Students: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2019 Jun 25;7(6):e14273. doi: 10.2196/14273.
Huberty J, Puzia ME, Green J, Vlisides-Henry RD, Larkey L, Irwin MR, Vranceanu AM A mindfulness meditation mobile app improves depression and anxiety in adults with sleep disturbance: Analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2021 Nov-Dec;73:30-37. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.09.004. Epub 2021 Sep 11.
Huberty J, Puzia ME, Larkey L, Irwin MR, Vranceanu AM Use of the Consumer-Based Meditation App Calm for Sleep Disturbances: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JMIR Form Res. 2020 Nov 13;4(11):e19508. doi: 10.2196/19508.
Kwok OM, Underhill AT, Berry JW, Luo W, Elliott TR, Yoon M Analyzing Longitudinal Data with Multilevel Models: An Example with Individuals Living with Lower Extremity Intra-articular Fractures. Rehabil Psychol. 2008 Aug;53(3):370-386.
Feasibility of Calm to Reduce Stress and Improve Sleep During Pregnancy
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
