Postmenopausal Osteoporosis — Frequency of Hyperparathyroidism in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Its Treatment
Citation(s)
Chang B, Quan Q, Li Y, Qiu H, Peng J, Gu Y Treatment of Osteoporosis, with a Focus on 2 Monoclonal Antibodies. Med Sci Monit. 2018 Dec 3;24:8758-8766. doi: 10.12659/MSM.912309. Review.
Chen LX, Zhou ZR, Li YL, Ning GZ, Zhang TS, Zhang D, Feng SQ Comparison of Bone Mineral Density in Lumbar Spine and Fracture Rate among Eight Drugs in Treatments of Osteoporosis in Men: A Network Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2015 May 26;10(5):e0128032. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128032. eCollection 2015.
Contreras-Manzano A, Villalpando S, Robledo-Pérez R Vitamin D status by sociodemographic factors and body mass index in Mexican women at reproductive age. Salud Publica Mex. 2017 Sep-Oct;59(5):518-525. doi: 10.21149/8080.
Goltzman D Functions of vitamin D in bone. Histochem Cell Biol. 2018 Apr;149(4):305-312. doi: 10.1007/s00418-018-1648-y. Epub 2018 Feb 12. Review.
Grey A, Lucas J, Horne A, Gamble G, Davidson JS, Reid IR Vitamin D repletion in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and coexistent vitamin D insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Apr;90(4):2122-6. Epub 2005 Jan 11.
Leder BZ, Tsai JN, Uihlein AV, Wallace PM, Lee H, Neer RM, Burnett-Bowie SA Denosumab and teriparatide transitions in postmenopausal osteoporosis (the DATA-Switch study): extension of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2015 Sep 19;386(9999):1147-55. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61120-5. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
Lips P, van Schoor NM The effect of vitamin D on bone and osteoporosis. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Aug;25(4):585-91. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2011.05.002. Review.
Lips P Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: consequences for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications. Endocr Rev. 2001 Aug;22(4):477-501. Review.
Paggiosi MA, Peel N, McCloskey E, Walsh JS, Eastell R Comparison of the effects of three oral bisphosphonate therapies on the peripheral skeleton in postmenopausal osteoporosis: the TRIO study. Osteoporos Int. 2014 Dec;25(12):2729-41. doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2817-z. Epub 2014 Jul 30.
Souberbielle JC, Bienaimé F, Cavalier E, Cormier C Vitamin D and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2012 Jun;73(3):165-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2012.04.008. Epub 2012 Jun 5. Review.
Tucci JR Vitamin D therapy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and hypovitaminosis D. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009 Jul;161(1):189-93. doi: 10.1530/EJE-08-0901. Epub 2009 Apr 21.
Watson J, Wise L, Green J Prescribing of hormone therapy for menopause, tibolone, and bisphosphonates in women in the UK between 1991 and 2005. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Sep;63(9):843-9. Epub 2007 Jun 28.
Wihlborg A, Bergström K, Gerdhem P, Bergström I Parathyroid Hormone Disturbances in Postmenopausal Women with Distal Forearm Fracture. World J Surg. 2022 Jan;46(1):128-135. doi: 10.1007/s00268-021-06331-w. Epub 2021 Oct 13.
Yuan F, Peng W, Yang C, Zheng J Teriparatide versus bisphosphonates for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: A meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2019 Jun;66:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.03.004. Epub 2019 Mar 16. Review.
Resolution of Hyperparathyroidism With High-dose Vitamin D Improves Osteoporosis in Multi-treated Postmenopausal Women
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.