Post-operative Pain Control — Impact of the Number of Opiates Prescribed on Post Cesarean Pain Control
Citation(s)
1 Osmundson, S, Grasch JL, Schornack LA, et al. Opioid Use after cesarean delivery following hospital discharge. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2017. 216:1(Supplement 1): Abstract 704, S411-S412.
Krans EE, Patrick SW Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy: Health Policy and Practice in the Midst of an Epidemic. Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Jul;128(1):4-10. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001446. Review.
Pfuntner A, Wier LM, Stocks C Most Frequent Procedures Performed in U.S. Hospitals, 2011: Statistical Brief #165. 2013 Oct. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2006 Feb-. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK174682/
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Assessing the Impact of the Number of Opiates Prescribed on Post Cesarean Pain Control: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
