Polycystic Ovary Syndrome — The Role of Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of PCOS.
Citation(s)
Álvarez-Blasco F, Luque-Ramírez M, Escobar-Morreale HF Diet composition and physical activity in overweight and obese premenopausal women with or without polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2011 Dec;27(12):978-81. doi: 10.3109/09513590.2011.579658. Epub 2011 May 24.
Guo Y, Qi Y, Yang X, Zhao L, Wen S, Liu Y, Tang L Association between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Gut Microbiota. PLoS One. 2016 Apr 19;11(4):e0153196. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153196. eCollection 2016.
Tremellen K, Pearce K Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota (DOGMA)--a novel theory for the development of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Med Hypotheses. 2012 Jul;79(1):104-12. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.016. Epub 2012 Apr 27.
The Role of Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
