Clinical Trial Details
— Status: Active, not recruiting
Administrative data
| NCT number |
NCT05684081 |
| Other study ID # |
MaKSPH_BMGF_INV03047_2022 |
| Secondary ID |
|
| Status |
Active, not recruiting |
| Phase |
N/A
|
| First received |
|
| Last updated |
|
| Start date |
July 1, 2022 |
| Est. completion date |
December 30, 2023 |
Study information
| Verified date |
February 2023 |
| Source |
Makerere University |
| Contact |
n/a |
| Is FDA regulated |
No |
| Health authority |
|
| Study type |
Interventional
|
Clinical Trial Summary
Introduction:
Good quality OPV campaigns can interrupt and possibly prevent transmission of the polio
virus. Health care worker performance and motivation are prerequisites for the success of
such campaigns. Complete, transparent and timely payments are, in turn, prerequisites for the
sustenance of health care worker motivation and thereby efforts. To date, most such health
care workers have been paid in cash, with chronic payment issues that have negatively
affected campaign quality and vaccination coverage. Cash-based payments are often plagued
with multiple delays in funds disbursements, cash leakages, and a lack of accountability and
financial transparency. These difficulties have prompted a transition to digitized payments
that are perceived to be faster, more convenient, traceable, reliable, easier and more
reasonable to set up. The roll-out phase of these digital payment interventions has not been
quantitatively evaluated and the effect of digital payments on the motivation, satisfaction
and performance of health workers is not known. Therefore, this study will compare digitized
payment of polio vaccination campaign health care workers with cash-based payment with
regards to health care worker motivation, satisfaction and performance. Findings from this
study may inform the operationalization of digital financial systems, and the transition
towards cross-campaign digital payments.
Primary Objectives:
1. To compare the motivation, satisfaction and performance of vaccination health care
workers in areas where they are paid using mobile money versus in cash,
2. To explore how gender norms and relations influence health workers' response to payment
systems (mobile money versus cash payments) and how these affect the health workers'
performance and motivation in polio vaccination campaigns and
Secondary objectives:
1. To compare vaccination campaign quality in areas where health care workers are paid
using mobile money versus in cash
2. To compare vaccination coverage in areas where campaign health care workers are paid
using mobile money versus in cash.
3. To estimate the incremental cost of the intervention.
Methods:
This will be a mixed methods study including a cluster-randomized controlled implementation
trial and a qualitative study. A total of 60 districts be randomized to implement either a
digital payment system for polio campaign vaccinators during the polio campaign or the
traditional cash-based payment system.
Description:
Problem statement and justification
A motivated health workforce is essential for the success of critical health campaigns and
programmes such as the recently concluded and upcoming polio campaigns. This is even more
critical particularly in periods during and following disruptions in health services such as
the Covid-19 pandemic and the resultant restrictions. Remuneration, which has been
traditionally cash based is a key factor for health care worker motivation, satisfaction and
performance. However, traditional cash-based modes of payment are fraught with numerous
problems like delays in funds requisitions and disbursements, cash leakages, exposure to risk
of theft while in transit, and a lack of accountability data and financial transparency.
These chronic problems associated with cash-based payments have led to a gradual transition
to digital (mobile money) payments in several countries including Uganda. While digital
payments are seen as fast, convenient, traceable, reliable, and easy to set up, they are not
themselves free of challenges. Also, their effect on health outcomes has not been evaluated
with robust scientific methods.
Few studies have particularly paid attention to the role of digital payments in influencing
gender relations (power relations, access to resources and gender roles) and also how gender
relations affect the adoption and use of digital payments particularly in relation to health
worker's motivation and performance that is essential for increasing coverage and quality of
vaccination campaigns. Furthermore, the investigators are cognizant of the intersections
between gender and other social identities of both female and male health workers such as
gender, age, education, cadre of health worker, income bracket, location, disability,
ethnicity) that could have a bearing on how they interact and respond to digital payments-and
their implications on the motivation and performance of health workers.
This study therefore, will evaluate an intervention that seeks solutions to the current
challenges faced by payment systems by providing a verified national database of health care
workers and processing payments directly to those health care workers digitally, through
mobile money platforms. Set within the context of the upcoming polio vaccination campaign,
this study will examine the effect of this intervention on health outcomes such as polio
vaccination coverage as well as health worker related outcomes like motivation, satisfaction
and performance. This study will also examine the effect of gender norms/gender relations on
health workers' response to payment systems employed during polio vaccination. While
maintaining Uganda free of polio is in itself a very important goal, lessons learned from
this cluster randomized implementation trial can be extended to other health campaigns and
programmes.
