Hebert JJ, Møller NC, Andersen LB, Wedderkopp N Organized Sport Participation Is Associated with Higher Levels of Overall Health-Related Physical Activity in Children (CHAMPS Study-DK). PLoS One. 2015 Aug 11;10(8):e0134621. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134621. eCollection 2015.
Heidemann M, Holst R, Schou AJ, Klakk H, Husby S, Wedderkopp N, Mølgaard C The influence of anthropometry and body composition on children's bone health: the childhood health, activity and motor performance school (the CHAMPS) study, Denmark. Calcif Tissue Int. 2015 Feb;96(2):97-104. doi: 10.1007/s00223-014-9941-9. Epub 2014 Dec 25.
Klakk H, Andersen LB, Heidemann M, Møller NC, Wedderkopp N Six physical education lessons a week can reduce cardiovascular risk in school children aged 6-13 years: a longitudinal study. Scand J Public Health. 2014 Mar;42(2):128-36. doi: 10.1177/140349481
Klakk H, Chinapaw M, Heidemann M, Andersen LB, Wedderkopp N Effect of four additional physical education lessons on body composition in children aged 8-13 years--a prospective study during two school years. BMC Pediatr. 2013 Oct 17;13:170. doi: 10.1186/1
Klakk H, Grøntved A, Møller NC, Heidemann M, Andersen LB, Wedderkopp N Prospective association of adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness with cardiovascular risk factors in healthy children. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014 Aug;24(4):e275-82. doi: 10.1111/sms.12163. Epub 2014 Jan 8.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
