Periapical Diseases — Effect of MTAD on The Outcome of Primary Root Canal Treatment
Citation(s)
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Ng YL, Mann V, Rahbaran S, Lewsey J, Gulabivala K Outcome of primary root canal treatment: systematic review of the literature - part 1. Effects of study characteristics on probability of success. Int Endod J. 2007 Dec;40(12):921-39. Epub 2007 Oct 10. Re
Orstavik D, Kerekes K, Eriksen HM The periapical index: a scoring system for radiographic assessment of apical periodontitis. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1986 Feb;2(1):20-34.
Torabinejad M, Cho Y, Khademi AA, Bakland LK, Shabahang S The effect of various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on the ability of MTAD to remove the smear layer. J Endod. 2003 Apr;29(4):233-9. Erratum in: J Endod. 2003 Jun;29(6):424.
Tosun S, Karataslioglu E, Tulgar MM, Derindag G Fractal analysis and periapical index evaluation of multivisit nonsurgical endodontic retreatment: A retrospective study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2022 Feb;133(2):245-251. doi: 10.1016/j.
Verma N, Sangwan P, Tewari S, Duhan J Effect of Different Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite on Outcome of Primary Root Canal Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Endod. 2019 Apr;45(4):357-363. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.01.003. Epub 2019 Mar 1.
Effect of MTAD on The Outcome of Primary Root Canal Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
