Peanut Allergy Clinical Trial
An oral tolerance induction (OTI) protocol is conducted at the allergy Unit of Saint Vincent
Hospital of Lille (France) in standard care since 2006. This protocol consists in exposing
patients to regularly increasing doses of allergen. This protocol induces an increase of the
threshold reactive dose (the minimum dose of allergen that triggered a reactive reaction)
and a decrease of the quantity of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) against peanut proteins.
The protocol is ended when the patient reaches a threshold reactive dose of 2942mg of peanut
proteins, corresponding to 14 peanuts of middle size, which is the maximum dose of peanut
that can be found in standard product in France.
The investigators wish to study the evolution of the threshold reactive dose and of the sIgE
of patients that have followed the OTI protocol. All the needed data are available in the
medical records so the study will be conducted on retrospective data.
Prevalence of food allergy is estimated at 3.5% in Europe. In particular, peanut allergy
prevalence in France is between 0.3% and 0.75%, when it is 1% in the US, UK and Canada.
Peanut allergy is a severe allergy, second behind tree nut allergy in the general
population, with a risk of fatal reactions. The risk is especially high for young adults. It
is also a long lasting condition with only 20% of natural healing that happened most of the
time between 6 and 8y.o. These last years, the only proposed "treatment" was an elimination
diet. However, it has been proved that it makes allergy severity worse, and sensitization
and reactivity increase with time. Elimination diet can also lead to the apparition of
avoidant/restrictive food intake disorders, and has a major impact on patient habits,
causing patient quality of life to decrease.
In view of the risks and limits of an elimination diet and the low natural healing rate, a
therapeutic alternative has been proposed with the development of peanut oral tolerance
induction (OTI) protocols. As sublingual immunotherapies have low efficacies and as
injection strategies have a high risk of severe allergic reactions, oral route is preferred.
This strategy needs to ensure patients an increasing tolerance to the allergen, thus
limiting the risks of anaphylactic shock at low doses, but also needs to ensure patient
safety, with controlled risks of secondary reactions at home. It can be followed by young
patients, its efficiency being increased. An OTI protocol is conducted at the allergy Unit
of Saint Vincent Hospital of Lille (France) in standard care since 2006. It consists in
daily giving small peanut doses to the patient, and to regularly increase those doses.
For this OTI protocol, an oral food challenge (OFC) is performed. This OFC allows the
determination of the threshold reactive dose, i.e. the minimum dose of allergen that induces
an allergic reaction. A safe dose of peanut is then determined that will be regularly eaten
by the patient. Every 6 months, a new OFC is performed and thus a new threshold reactive
dose is measured, and the dose to be eaten by the patient updated. The protocol is followed
until the patient reaches an ideal dose of 2942mg of peanut protein, corresponding to 14
peanuts of middle size, which is the maximum dose of peanut that can be found in standard
product in France. Of course, the protocol can also be ended if the patient decided so.
Although this protocol is performed in the allergy Unit of Saint Vincent Hospital, very few
data are published on the subject. The aim of the study is to study the evolution of the
threshold reactive dose and the evolution of the quantity of specific immunoglobulin E
(sIgE) against peanut proteins (rAra h 1, rAra h 2 and rAra h 3) in patient that had
followed the protocol.
The main objective of this study is to study the clinical efficiency of peanut OTI by
measuring the evolution of the patient threshold reactive dose.
The secondary objective is to study the biological efficiency of peanut OTI by measuring the
evolution of the dosage of sIgE against peanut proteins.
As the OFC and the IgE dosage are a standard part of the OTI protocol, all the data are
obtained from the medical records. The study is retrospective and thus observational.
;
Observational Model: Case-Only, Time Perspective: Retrospective
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