Patient Satisfaction Clinical Trial
Official title:
Effect of Physician Race and Gender on Simulated Patients' Ratings and Confidence in Their Physicians: A Randomized Trial
The purpose of the study was to determine whether the race and gender of a simulated doctor
affected analog patients' reported confidence and satisfaction in the simulated doctor's
diagnosis and treatment plan. The study used two randomized patient analog experiments.
This study is complete and pre-analysis plans (PAPs) for each experiment were published prior
to data collection. The PAPs are available at: http://aspredicted.org/blind.php?x=43xj25
(Study 1) and https://aspredicted.org/blind.php?x=369st7 (Study 2).
Prior literature is unclear on whether patients display bias in their evaluations of
physicians based on their race or gender. The investigators estimated the effects of
physician race and gender using an online clinical vignette. Participants played the role of
analog patients reporting to the Emergency Department (ED) with symptoms consistent with
gastroenteritis. Participants were provided with a diagnosis of gastroenteritis by a
simulated ED physician. The race (black or white) and gender (male or female) of the
simulated physician was randomly assigned in a 2x2 factorial experiment. Simulated physicians
provided a diagnosis of gastroenteritis and contradicted by an Online Symptom Checker.
Following the physician's diagnosis and contradiction by the Online Symptom Checker,
participants rated the simulated physician on survey measures of satisfaction and confidence
in both the treatment plan and diagnosis. The main (null) hypothesis tested was that there
were no differences across the four treatment arms (Black Female, Black Male, White Female,
White Male). Participants for the first experiment (Study 1) were recruited from Amazon
Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and participants for the second experiment (Study 2) were recruited
from Lucid.
Primary Aim: To determine whether the race and gender of a simulated physician had a causal
effect on participants' confidence and satisfaction in the physician's diagnosis and
treatment plan in an ED setting.
Exploratory Aims: To determine whether the race and gender of a simulated physician had a
casual effect on participants' perceptions of the warmth and competence of the physician,
their willingness to sue or complain about the physician for an incorrect diagnosis, and
their perceived fairness of the charge for the visit.
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