Pain — Virtual Reality in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Citation(s)
Lin YT, Lee WC, Hsieh RL Active video games for knee osteoarthritis improve mobility but not WOMAC score: A randomized controlled trial. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2020 Nov;63(6):458-465. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2019.11.008. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
Nambi G, Abdelbasset WK, Elsayed SH, Khalil MA, Alrawaili SM, Alsubaie SF Comparative effects of virtual reality training and sensory motor training on bone morphogenic proteins and inflammatory biomarkers in post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Sci Rep. 2020 Sep 28;10(1):15864. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72587-2.
Wi, S Y., & Kang, J. H. (2012). The effects of virtual reality interactive games on the balance ability of elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 7(3), 387-393.
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Patients With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
