Pain — Analgesia Nociception Index for Pain Monitoring in Intensive Care Units
Citation(s)
Broucqsault-Dédrie C, De Jonckheere J, Jeanne M, Nseir S Measurement of Heart Rate Variability to Assess Pain in Sedated Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Observational Study. PLoS One. 2016 Jan 25;11(1):e0147720. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147720. eCollection 2016.
Dias Dde S, Resende MV, Diniz Gdo C Patient stress in intensive care: comparison between a coronary care unit and a general postoperative unit. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2015 Jan-Mar;27(1):18-25. doi: 10.5935/0103-507X.20150005. Epub 2015 Mar 1. English, Portuguese.
Jeanne M, Clément C, De Jonckheere J, Logier R, Tavernier B Variations of the analgesia nociception index during general anaesthesia for laparoscopic abdominal surgery. J Clin Monit Comput. 2012 Aug;26(4):289-94. doi: 10.1007/s10877-012-9354-0. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
Jendoubi A, Abbes A, Ghedira S, Houissa M Pain Measurement in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: Behavioral Pain Tools Versus Analgesia Nociception Index. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2017 Sep;21(9):585-588. doi: 10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM_419_16.
Soral M, Altun GT, Dinçer PÇ, Arslantas MK, Aykaç Z Effectiveness of the Analgesia Nociception Index Monitoring in Patients Who Undergo Colonoscopy with Sedo-Analgesia. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim. 2020 Feb;48(1):50-57. doi: 10.5152/TJAR.2019.45077. Epub 2019 Sep 24.
Analgesia Nociception Index for Pain Monitoring in Intensive Care Units
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
