Bordetella Pertussis, Whooping Cough — Pertussis Immunization Programs in Low Income Countries
Citation(s)
Guiso N, Taieb F Pertussis in Low and Medium Income Countries: A Pragmatic Approach. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1183:137-149. doi: 10.1007/5584_2019_409.
Guiso N, Wirsing von König CH Surveillance of pertussis: methods and implementation. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2016 Jul;14(7):657-67. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2016.1190272. Epub 2016 May 31. Review.
Guiso N Pertussis vaccination and whooping cough: and now what? Expert Rev Vaccines. 2014 Oct;13(10):1163-5. doi: 10.1586/14760584.2014.941816. Epub 2014 Jul 14.
Tubiana S, Belchior E, Guillot S, Guiso N, Lévy-Bruhl D; Renacoq Participants Monitoring the Impact of Vaccination on Pertussis in Infants Using an Active Hospital-based Pediatric Surveillance Network: Results from 17 Years' Experience, 1996-2012, France. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015 Aug;34(8):814-20. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000739.
Pertussis Immunization Programs in Low Income Countries
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
