Osteoarthritis — General or Regional Anesthesia for Hip Surgery
Citation(s)
Fowler SJ, Symons J, Sabato S, Myles PS Epidural analgesia compared with peripheral nerve blockade after major knee surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Br J Anaesth. 2008 Feb;100(2):154-64. doi: 10.1093/bja/aem373. Review.
Harsten A, Kehlet H, Ljung P, Toksvig-Larsen S Total intravenous general anaesthesia vs. spinal anaesthesia for total hip arthroplasty. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2015 Apr;59(4):542-3. doi: 10.1111/aas.12495. Epub 2015 Mar 3.
Marsh BJ, Morton NS, White M, Kenny GN A computer controlled infusion of propofol for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in children. Can J Anaesth. 1990 May;37(4 Pt 2):S97.
Minto CF, Schnider TW, Shafer SL Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil. II. Model application. Anesthesiology. 1997 Jan;86(1):24-33.
General Versus Intrathecal Anaesthesia for Patients Undergoing Elective Total Hip Arthroplasty
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
