Kasprowicz E, Monlezun DJ, Harlan TS Letter by Kasprowicz et al regarding article, "reducing sodium intake to prevent stroke: time for action, not hesitation". Stroke. 2014 Jun;45(6):e108. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005157. Epub 2014 May 6.
Monlezun DJ, Carr C, Niu T, Nordio F, DeValle N, Sarris L, Harlan T Meta-analysis and machine learning-augmented mixed effects cohort analysis of improved diets among 5847 medical trainees, providers and patients. Public Health Nutr. 2022 Feb;25(2):281-289. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021002809. Epub 2021 Jun 28. Review.
Monlezun DJ, Kasprowicz E, Tosh KW, Nix J, Urday P, Tice D, Sarris L, Harlan TS Medical school-based teaching kitchen improves HbA1c, blood pressure, and cholesterol for patients with type 2 diabetes: Results from a novel randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2015 Aug;109(2):420-6. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.007. Epub 2015 May 12.
Monlezun DJ, Leong B, Joo E, Birkhead AG, Sarris L, Harlan TS Novel Longitudinal and Propensity Score Matched Analysis of Hands-On Cooking and Nutrition Education versus Traditional Clinical Education among 627 Medical Students. Adv Prev Med. 2015;2015:656780. doi: 10.1155/2015/656780. Epub 2015 Sep 8.
Razavi AC, Monlezun DJ, Sapin A, Sarris L, Schlag E, Dyer A, Harlan T Etiological Role of Diet in 30-Day Readmissions for Heart Failure: Implications for Reducing Heart Failure-Associated Costs via Culinary Medicine. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2019 Jul 14;14(4):351-360. doi: 10.1177/1559827619861933. eCollection 2020 Jul-Aug.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
