Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Clinical Trial
Official title:
A Randomized Phase II Trial Comparing Cetuximab With Concurrent Pemetrexed/Cetuximab Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Refractory to Primary Treatment
The purpose of the study is to determine in patients with Non Small Cell Lung Cancer refractory to previous chemotherapy whether concomitant treatment with cetuximab and pemetrexed improves progression-free survival compared with cetuximab monotherapy.
While EGFR inhibitors have demonstrated activity against NSCLC [their integration into
first-line therapy in combination with standard agents has yielded disappointing results].
There are many potential reasons for the disappointing results in these first-line studies [
A single-arm Phase I trial of cetuximab in combination with docetaxel suggested better
efficacy in second-line therapy for NSCLC than docetaxel alone but this comes at the expense
of some increased toxicity]. Preliminary data indicate that cetuximab has single agent
activity in this setting. The confidence intervals for this activity overlap the median time
to progression of the current second-line cytotoxic therapy options compared in the Hanna
study [A clinically relevant question is- does concurrent cetuximab and pemetrexed
significantly improve upon outcomes of cetuximab monotherapy followed by pemetrexed
monotherapy?].
Many patients who receive EGFR inhibitors develop an acneiform rash and the severity of the
rash is associated with good outcomes from treatment. Several of these studies have
demonstrated no correlation between the intensity or percentage of tumor cells staining for
EFUR expression and response to therapy. However, a Phase II study, at the University of
Colorado, of cetuximab added to standard first-line treatment of NSCLC revealed 6/10
responders developed the rash within 2 weeks of initiating treatment (Personal
Communication, Dugan, et al. BMS). Therefore, early development of rash may be a clinically
useful marker of subsequent response and novel approaches to the identification of
biological markers for this phenotype prior to initiation of therapy may be helpful in
subsequent determination of which patients will most likely benefit from EGFR inhibitor
therapy.
To address these issues we propose a phase I randomized study of concurrent
pemetrexed/cetuximab compared to sequential cetuximab/pemetrexed therapy for the second-line
treatment of advanced NSCLC. Patients will be randomized at study entry. Regarding
prospective analysis of the rapid-rash forming phenotype, all patients will receive 2 weeks
of initial treatment with cetuximab and undergo formal rash evaluation, serum and skin
collection. According to the initial randomization, half of the study subjects will continue
with cetuximab monotherapy while the remainder will receive concurrent cetuximab and
pemetrexed. The primary study endpoint of freedom from progression and secondary endpoint of
objective response rate will be based on the comparison of patients in (he concurrent
therapy group with patients treated with cetuximab monotherapy with Day-14 (first receipt of
cetuximab) as the reference treatment start date. Overall survival will be analyzed as a
secondary endpoint to assess the efficacy of concomitant treatment with cetuximab and
pemetrexed compared to sequential treatment with cetuximab followed by pemetrexed upon
disease progression. As patients in both treatment arms receive cetuximab, correlative
studies will be performed on all enrolled patients. For serum proteomic studies designed to
identify a serum polypeptide signature associated with response to cetuximab-based therapy,
serum samples shall be collected at enrollment, and just prior to receiving the third dose
of cetuximab therapy. To provide the opportunity to perform retrospective pharmacogenomic
studies, whole blood DNA will be collected from each patient at enrollment and subsequently
analyzed for candidate gene polymorphisms once outcome data is available. Finally, an
alternative approach to identification of markers for responsiveness to EGFR inhibition
already in progress at the University of Chicago entails collection of skin biopsies before
and after treatment with an EGFR inhibitor.
As in ongoing collaborations with the University of Chicago Section of Dermatology, patients
in this proposed study will undergo skin biopsies at enrollment and after 2 weeks of
cetuximab therapy. The investigators will extract mRNA from the fresh frozen skin specimens
and perform microarray studies to test the utility of mRNA expression patterns associated
with rash and responsiveness to EOFR inhibitors in currently ongoing investigations at the
University of Chicago. Therefore we expect this study: 1) to identify any significant
improvement of concurrent cetuximab/pemetrexed therapy for second-line treatment of NSCLC
over sequential monotherapy, 2) through timely minimally invasive collection of serum and
exposed skin, to provide the opportunity to test previously identified biomarkers for
individual responsiveness to cetuximab therapy, and 3) to confirm prospectively whether
early development of rash on cetuximab treatment predicts responsiveness to either
concurrent or sequential therapy.
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Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment
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