Nerve Block Clinical Trial
Official title:
Comparison of Different Approaches for Supraclavicular Block and Their Effects on Diaphragm Muscle Function Evaluated With Diaphragm Thickening Fraction
Verified date | June 2023 |
Source | Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital |
Contact | n/a |
Is FDA regulated | No |
Health authority | |
Study type | Interventional |
Brachial plexus blocks used for anesthesia in upper extremity operations can be performed with interscalene, axillary, supraclavicular and infraclavicular approaches. Plexus blockage can be performed under the guidance of needle nerve stimulation, artery palpation or ultrasonography (USG). Nowadays, the simultaneous use of USG during the block allows the protection of structures such as nerves, pleura and vessels, and allows practitioners to see the needle and the spread of local anesthetic during the injection. Although supraclavicular block seems to be advantageous because the brachial plexus is more compact and superficial in this region, it has a disadvantage of being close to the pleura. (Increased risk of pneumothorax) With the use of USG, this risk has decreased and the supraclavicular block has become an alternative to infraclavicular block, which is widely used in upper extremity surgery. Due to the compact structure of the brachial plexus trunk at the first rib level, the application of the block is easier and the block formation is faster due to the peripheral spread of the local anesthetic. With the spread of local anesthetic to C3-C5 nerve roots in the brachial plexus, paralysis can be seen in the ipsilateral phrenic nerve up to 67%. Patients who will be operated on, especially in patients with respiratory distress, may experience respiratory distress due to the dysfunction of that side diaphragm muscle. With the help of ultrasound, the inspiratory and end-expiratory thickness of the diaphragm is measured with the Diaphragm Thickness Index (DTI), which is a new and effective method used as a mechanical ventilator weaning index in intensive care units. With this method, we can examine the effect of phrenic nerve block on diaphragm muscle due to local anesthesia in the acute period. DTI is calculated as a percentage from the following formula: (Max thickness at the end of inspiration - Max thickness at the end of the expiration) / Max thickness at the end of the expiration. By comparing 3 different approaches used in supraclavicular block, we aimed to investigate the most appropriate block approach in terms of effectiveness, speed, complication rate, effects on diaphragm and 6 months effects.
Status | Completed |
Enrollment | 90 |
Est. completion date | March 2, 2022 |
Est. primary completion date | August 15, 2021 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | No |
Gender | All |
Age group | 18 Years to 65 Years |
Eligibility | Inclusion Criteria: - Patients who are scheduled scheduled for hand, wrist, forearm, arm surgery - Patients who has informed consent for study - Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification(ASA) I,II and III Exclusion Criteria: - Patient's refusal to participate - Patients under 18 years of age - Patients with known local anesthetic allergy - Patients with Body mass index> 35 - Patients diagnosed sepsis and bacteriemia, - Skin infection at the injection site, - History of coagulopathy or anticoagulant therapy - Patients with uncontrolled diabetes, - Uncoordinated patients, - Psychological and emotional lability, - Patients with anatomical disorders at application points - Pregnant patients |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
Turkey | Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital | Izmir | Karabaglar |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital |
Turkey,
Ferrari G, De Filippi G, Elia F, Panero F, Volpicelli G, Apra F. Diaphragm ultrasound as a new index of discontinuation from mechanical ventilation. Crit Ultrasound J. 2014 Jun 7;6(1):8. doi: 10.1186/2036-7902-6-8. eCollection 2014. — View Citation
Petrar SD, Seltenrich ME, Head SJ, Schwarz SK. Hemidiaphragmatic paralysis following ultrasound-guided supraclavicular versus infraclavicular brachial plexus blockade: a randomized clinical trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015 Mar-Apr;40(2):133-8. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000215. — View Citation
Renes SH, Spoormans HH, Gielen MJ, Rettig HC, van Geffen GJ. Hemidiaphragmatic paresis can be avoided in ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009 Nov-Dec;34(6):595-9. doi: 10.1097/aap.0b013e3181bfbd83. — View Citation
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Comparison of Three Different Approach for Supraclavicular Blocks Effects on Diaphragm Thickening Fraction | Several diaphragm images will be taken, at least three at the point of maximum thickening in TLC and at least three at minimum thickness in RV. On each B-mode image, diaphragm thickness will be measured from the middle of the pleural line to the middle of the peritoneal line. Then DTI will be calculated as a percentage from the formula: (Max thickness at the end of inspiration - Max thickness at the end of the expiration) / Max thickness at the end of the expiration. All patients will be evaluated with USG in a head-up position facing the side to be operated 30 minutes after the block is performed. | Comparison of Diaphragm Thickening Fraction will be evaluated 30 minutes after the block is performed. | |
Secondary | The sensory block level | Sensory block level; The level of block that will occur in the sensory areas of axillary, median, radial, ulnar, musculocutaneous, cutaneous brachia and cutaneous antebraki medialis nerves will be evaluated by performing a pinprick test and its level will be recorded (0 = Painful, no block; 1 = Partial block-analgesia, only feeling of touch; 2 = Complete block, no pain). | Following the block operation, the sensory block level will be recorded at the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th minutes | |
Secondary | The motor block level | It will be evaluated with the Modified Bromage scale:
0 = No blocks, he can lift his arm, 1= Motor power is low but the arm is movable, 2 = The arm is immobile but the fingers are movable, 3 = Complete block, no movement in hand or arm |
Following the block operation, the motor block level will be recorded at the 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th and 30th minutes | |
Secondary | Block success | It will be defined as the presence of the pinprick test in the musculacutaneous, radial, ulnar, median, cutaneous antebraki nerves with no pain or only feeling of touch. If any of these nerves are not blocked, it will be considered a failed block. | At the 30th minute of LA application, | |
Secondary | Postoperative analgesia time | Numeric rating scale; patient values pain between 0 and 10; 0 = No pain-10 = Intractable pain | The hour when NRS> 1 in the first 24 hours will be recorded. | |
Secondary | Pain Score Follow-up | Numeric rating scale; patient values pain between 0 and 10; 0 = No pain-10 = Intractable pain | 2nd, 6th, 12th and 24th hours | |
Secondary | Block return time | Sensory (the time from local anesthetic injection until the patient fully perceives the upper limb) and motor (the time from local anesthetic injection to the moment the patient's upper limb regains muscle strength) will be recorded as the time to return the block. | The return time of sensory and motor block will be recorded within the first 24 hours. | |
Secondary | Block application time | It will be defined as the time from the moment the needle passes through the skin until the local anesthetic is given and the needle is withdraw. | intraoperative (during block application) | |
Secondary | Block onset time | It will be defined as the time required to initiate anesthesia and analgesia in all 5 distal nerves from the local anesthetic injection. | baseline (before surgery) | |
Secondary | Patient and surgeon satisfaction | Patient and surgeon satisfaction will be evaluated as: 1 = Complete dissatisfaction, 2 = Moderate satisfaction, 3 = Full satisfaction after the procedure. | immediately after the surgery | |
Secondary | Undesirable side effects: | Recorded when there is vascular puncture, hematoma, signs of LA toxicity, respiratory distress, pneumothorax, and Horner Syndrome. | Patients will be observed for 24 hours, | |
Secondary | The first opioid requirement hour | The first hour of opioid requirement of the patients will be recorded.(When NRS> 3) Opioids(Tramadol) will be administered to patients in case demanded. | If pain occurs within the first 24 hours from the time the block transaction ends. | |
Secondary | 24-hour total opioid consumption | It will be recorded how much opioid he needs to use for 24 hours.Opioids(Tramadol) will be administered to patients in case demanded. | It will be defined as 24 hours from the time the block transaction ends. | |
Secondary | Chronic pain questionnaire | After 6 months, patients will be called and questioned by phone. | 6 months after operation |
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