Vitamin D2, Muscle Damage, NASCAR Pitcrew

Muscle Soreness Clinical Trial

Official title:

Influence of 6-weeks Supplementation With Vitamin D Portobello Mushroom Powder on Muscle Function and Performance, Innate Immune Function, and Exercise-induced Muscle Damage and DOMS in NASCAR Pit Crew Members

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01825616
• Other study ID #: 12_0355
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• First received: April 3, 2013
• Last updated: April 8, 2013
• Start date: October 2012
• Est. completion date: January 2013

Study information

• Verified date: April 2013
• Source: Appalachian State University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: United States: Institutional Review Board
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Hypothesis: Six weeks of supplementation with vitamin D (4000 IU/day) using Dole's Vitamin D Portobello Mushroom Powder will increase winter serum vitamin D levels, and improve muscle function and strength, and innate immunity (granulocyte/monocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity), and attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage and DOMS.

Description:

Vitamin D2 is found naturally in sun-exposed mushrooms, and vitamin D3 is synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight and is present in oil-rich fish such as salmon, mackerel, and herring. Mushrooms contain very little or any vitamin D2 but are abundant in ergosterol, which can be converted into vitamin D2 by ultraviolet (UV) illumination (Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011;65:965-71).

In recent decades, there has been increased awareness of the impact of vitamin D on muscle function (Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20:182-90). In the early 20th century, athletes and coaches felt that ultraviolet rays had a positive impact on athletic performance, and evidence is accumulating to support this view. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies support a functional role for vitamin D in muscle, and the discovery of the vitamin D receptor in muscle tissue provides a mechanistic pathway for understanding the role of vitamin D within muscle. Studies in athletes have found that vitamin D status is variable and is dependent on outdoor training time (during peak sunlight), skin color, and geographic location (Pediatr Clin North Am. 2010;57:849-61).

25(OH)D is the best indicator and major form of vitamin D in the blood, with a circulating half-life of 2-3 weeks. Vitamin D deficiency is defined as a plasma vitamin D [25(OH)D] level of less than 20 ng/ml, with vitamin D insufficiency defined as 21-29 ng/ml. Estimates are that 20-100% of children, young and middle-aged adults, and community-dwelling elderly men and women are vitamin D deficient (J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:1911-30).

Purpose: To determine if 6 weeks supplementation with Dole Vitamin D Portobello Mushroom Powder (4,000 IU/day) can, 1) increase winter serum vitamin D levels, and measure whether vitamin D supplementation 2) has a chronic influence on muscle function and strength, and innate immune function, and 3) can attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) in athletes.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 33
• Est. completion date: January 2013
• Est. primary completion date: January 2013
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Male
• Age group: 20 Years to 40 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• NASCAR pit crew members

• Willing to avoid food and supplement sources (during the 6-week supplementation period) that are high in vitamin D (specifically canned fish, cod liver oil, salmon, and supplements with high-dose vitamin D).

• Agree to train normally.

• Avoid the use of large dose vitamin/mineral supplements (above 100% recommended dietary allowances), and medications known to affect immune function.

• Avoid the use of tanning beds.

• Willing to adhere to all aspects of the study design.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not allergic to mushrooms.

• Do not have a heart problem or have been told by your doctor not to engage in vigorous exercise.

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Investigator), Primary Purpose: Prevention

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Muscle Function
• Muscle Soreness
• Myalgia
• Vitamin D Status

Intervention

Dietary Supplement:
• Vitamin D2 mushroom powder
Subjects will be given Portobello mushroom powder with or without vitamin D mixed in soymilk powder in six plastic containers (one for each week of the study). Subjects will ingest one level teaspoon of the product each day (with or without 4,000 IU vitamin D2) and consume during breakfast in one of the following ways: mixed in water, juice, yogurt, or milk.

Other:
• Placebo
Mushroom powder without vitamin D2

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	ASU Human Performance Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus	Kannapolis	North Carolina
United States	ASU-NCRC Human Performance Lab	Kannapolis	North Carolina
United States	ASU-NCRC Human Performance Laboratory	Kannapolis	North Carolina

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Appalachian State University	Dole Food Company

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Muscle damage	myoglobin (ug/L) and creatine kinase (IU/L) after eccentric resistance exercise	6 weeks	No
Primary	Muscle Function	Bench press of body weight, reps to fatigue Vertical jump (watts( 300 yard shuttle run (seconds) 30-sec Wingate anaerobic power test (watts/kg)	6 weeks	No
Secondary	Serum vitamin D concentration	25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3	6 weeks	No
Secondary	Immune Function	White blood cell differential Myeloperoxidase Immune cell cytotoxicity	6 weeks	No

External Links

•   Lab web site