Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Trial
Official title:
High Intensity Interval Training for People With Mild Multiple Sclerosis: A Feasibility Study
Exercise has been shown to improve quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis but most
exercise programmes are carried out at low to moderate intensities. The next stage in the
management of the condition is to establish if people with mild Multiple Sclerosis can
exercise, safely and effectively at a higher intensity. High intensity interval training
(HIIT) involves repeated bursts of hard exercise interspersed with periods of rest. High
intensity interval trainingcould be a time efficient and safe option for people with Multiple
Sclerosis. Potential improvements are; cardiovascular fitness, resistance to fatigue,
balance, quality of life and attitude to physical exercise.
Participants will attend two sessions per week for 6 weeks. Each session will involve 6-10
sets of 60 seconds of high intensity cycling followed by 60 seconds rest. Potential
participants must have a clinical diagnosis of Mulitple Sclerosis for more than 3 months, an
EDSS score of less than 2.5, aged 18-65, and had no more than one relapse in the last 2
years.
From this study the investigators hope to discover if High Intensity Interval Training is a
safe and enjoyable form of physical activity for people with mild Multiple Sclerosis. This
will then hopefully lead to further large research trials.
Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that is typically progressive and involves damage
to the nerve cells in the central nervous system. Living with multiple sclerosis can be a
difficult experience both physically and psychologically. Some of the most common symptoms
for people with MS include excessive fatigue, limb weakness, motor abnormalities and sexual
dysfunction with symptoms dependant on the central nervous system pathology. Multiple
Sclerosis is the most common cause of disability in young to middle aged adults in the
developing world. The relatively high incidence rates and longitudinal nature of the
condition has a large economic impact on the health care system, people with Multiple
Sclerosis and their families. Treatments are now able to better manage the condition but
there is still no cure and the fundamental cause is still unknown, so symptom management and
maintenance of function is crucial. Exercise and rehabilitation are increasingly being looked
at to allow patients to better manage their condition and assist people with multiple
sclerosis to self-manage their care.
For many years people with multiple sclerosis have limited their activity levels to in order
to not exasperate their symptoms. Since then research has shown that supervised exercise
(aerobic and strength) training can be beneficial for people with mild to moderate multiple
sclerosis. Current evidence now suggests that exercise may actually go even further than
improving function and better managing symptoms in multiple sclerosis, but may actually have
a disease modifying effect, suggesting that guidance for long-term prescription is
imperative.
High intensity interval training (HIIT) describes exercise that is characterised by short
bursts of vigorous effort followed by periods of rest or low intensity exercise. High
intensity interval trainingis an extremely variable mode of exercise with sessions altered by
intensity, duration and number of intervals as well as the duration and activity chosen
during the rest period. High intensity interval training has been shown to be an effective
alternative to traditional endurance training so often used in exercise interventions. It has
also been suggested that High intensity interval trainingis more enjoyable than moderate
intensity exercise. These findings are important because lack of time and lack of enjoyment
are two of the most commonly quoted barriers to regular activity.
The project utilises a pre-experimental one-group pre-test - post-test design. The
participants will be assessed at baseline, followed by an intervention and then measured
again at follow up.Patients will be purposively recruited from the multiple sclerosis clinic
at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital in Sheffield. Potential participants will be identified by
consultant neurologists to the research assistant from clinic lists/patient records. Patients
who satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be given/sent a recruitment letter and
participant information sheet informing them about the study. The letter will contain a
tear-off slip for patients to return to the research team indicating their interest or not in
study participation. It will be clearly stated in the letter that there is no obligation or
pressure to participate and that if patients are not interested their future medical care
will not be jeopardised. Patients who respond to the letter of invitation will be invited
into the Centre for Sport and Exercise Science for a consultation.
Once a participant has been recruited and provided informed consent they will attend a
baseline assessment. Each participant will undergo a VO2peak test on a cycle ergometer. Gas
measurement will be conducted breath by breath by means of telemetric spirometry, heart rate
will be measured by Polar system. The test will be conducted to volitional exhaustion or will
be terminated when any of the following criteria are met:
- symptom exacerbation
- symptoms indicating risk for the safety or health of the patients
- plateau in oxygen uptake with increasing workload and/ or
- respiratory exchange rate greater than 1.15
Three questionnaires will be administered to the participants to determine the effects of the
exercise interventions on physical activity level (Godin Leisure Time Questionnaire), fatigue
(modified fatigue impact scale), and health perception (SF-36). Participants will also be
given an ActiGraph accelerometer to wear for 7-days. The procedures will be repeated at
follow up by a blinded assessor.
Participants will attend two sessions per week for the 6 week intervention. Each session will
consist of 6-10 sets of 60 second high intensity intervals interspersed with 60 seconds
recovery. The workload during each interval will be set at 80-90% of peak power achieved
during the VO2peak test. This is predicted to elicit 85-95% heart rate reserve in the
participants. After each interval the participant's heart rate and rate of perceived exertion
(RPE) will be collected. After each session a researcher will complete an Adverse Event form
to record if an event occurred or not. Additionally the participant will complete a physical
activity enjoyment (Perceived activity enjoyment scale) after one session per week.
Outcomes will be assessed at two-time-points: baseline and after the 6-week intervention.
Personal characteristics (e.g. postcode, marital status ethnicity, etc.) and condition
specific data (e.g. time since diagnosis, medication, onset of symptoms, use of health care
resources etc.) will be collected.
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