Massage and Cold Water Immersion on Movement Variability an Muscle Tone of Swimmers

Movement Disorders Clinical Trial

Official title:

Effects of Post Exercise Massage and Cold-water Immersion on Movement Variability and Muscle Stiffness in Swimmers: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04541901
• Other study ID #: 2020/10780-7
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: March 20, 2023
• Est. completion date: September 2023

Study information

• Verified date: March 2023
• Source: São Paulo State University
• Contact: Flavia A Carvalho, Master
• Phone: 18997446324
• Email: fla.acarvalho[@]hotmail.com
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Training prescription is planned considering recovery periods to enhance performance. To assess recovery, a complexity model can be used, in which the main variable would correspond to a fractal of performance. To assess the effectiveness of post-exercise massage and cold-water immersion under a new prism of recovery by means of muscle stiffness and movement variability analysis regarding the sport-specific gesture and an experimental task of shoulder elevation in swimmers.

Description:

Fifty swimmers from São Paulo state swimming teams will be initially assessed to investigate movement patterns at rest and after a fatigue protocol by means of inertial sensors. The participants will be assessed regarding their perceptions by the Swimmer's Perception of Effort Questionnaire (SPEQ), muscle stiffness by a myotonometer, skin temperature by a thermographic infrared camera and coordination by the Coordination Index and Continuous Relative Phase (CRP). Then, the athletes will perform the fatigue protocol again followed by five interventions in a crossover design separated by 24hr: i) superficial massage, ii) deep massage iii) cold-water immersion iv) immersion in thermoneutral water and v) control (no intervention). All procedures will be performed for an experimental task of shoulder elevation and the sport-specific gesture (front crawl simulation in swim bench). The statistical analysis will be conducted in SPSS software. To analyze fractal properties of time series the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) will be used where (α) varies from 0,5 to 1,5, interpreted as random series and Brownian noise, respectively. To compared pre and post assessments from initial testing the paired t test will be used. To compare perceptions, muscle stiffness and temperature between groups after fatigue protocol and intervention a Mixed ANOVA will be used with Greenhouse-Geisser corrections and Bonferroni post-hoc if necessary. Descriptive data will be presented as mean and standard deviations. All analysis will assume level of significance of P< 0,05.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 50
• Est. completion date: September 2023
• Est. primary completion date: July 2023
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 12 Years to 20 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• male and female athletes

• between 12 and 20 years old

• train regularly at swimming teams

• no injury over the last month (any complaint that prevented the athlete from training or compete at least once)

Exclusion Criteria:

• use of pain killers at least 24h before study participation

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Movement Disorders
• Muscle Tone

Intervention

Other:
• Massage
12 minutes of effleurage and petrissage on the upper limbs
• Cold water immersion
12 minutes of cold water immersion at the shoulder level with water temperature between 11 to 15°C

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Flávia Carvalho

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Coordination pattern	Eleven inertial sensors (XSens) will be positioned on the upper limbs, head and trunk. Data from the sensors will be extracted and processed with non linear analysis to determine the variability of the coordination pattern after fatigue and after interventions	1 day
Secondary	Pain numerical rating scale	Measured by a numerical rating scale ranging from 0 (nothing) to 10 (extreme) before and after the fatiguing protocol and interventions	1 day
Secondary	Perception of Effort	Measured by the modified Borg scale (CR10) ranging from 0 (nothing) to 10 (extremely strong) after the fatiguing protocol and interventions	1 day
Secondary	Recovery	Measured by a numerical rating scale ranging from 0 (nothing) to 10 (extreme) after the fatiguing protocol and interventions	1 day
Secondary	Myotonometry	The MyotonPRO probe will be placed perpendicular to the skin surface on the muscle belly previously marked with a pen by the evaluator at 1: Deltoid; 2: Pectoralis Major; 3: Biceps brachii; 4: Upper Trapezius; 5: Latissimus dorsi; 7: Triceps. Measured before and after the fatiguing protocol and interventions	1 day
Secondary	Skin temperature	The temperature will be measured using an infrared thermographic camera, at the same points of myotonometry. Measured before and after the interventions	1 day
Secondary	Beliefs in the recovery techniques	Participants will be asked if they believe that massage, cold-water immersion and resting contribute to their recovery before and after the study	1 day
Secondary	Preference	After the study the participants will be asked which of the interventions they preferred to received to recover from the fatiguing exercise	1 day
Secondary	Sense of position	Participants will be asked to position their dominant upper limb at 90° which will be indicated by a target fixed on the wall 1 meter ahead of them. They will have 3 chances to point at the target and memorize the position. Afterwards, participants will have 3 chances to point at the target without vision (by blindfold). Measured before and after the fatiguing exercise and interventions	1 day
Secondary	Psychological questionnaire	Participantes should rate physical and mental readiness for the exercise, fatigue, vigor and sleepness from 0 (nothing) to 10 (extreme)	1 day