Mild Cognitive Impairment Clinical Trial
Official title:
Effects of Multicomponent Exercise on Mild Cognitive Impairment In Elderly Population ,a Randomized Control Trial
Participants will be randomized to exercise intervention and control groups, for 6 weeks. The participants will be examined for following test Mini mental state examination, Trail making test A and B, MOCA. The intervention will consist of twice weekly, 55- 60 minute exercise session for experimental group The participants of control group will receive 20 minutes treadmill walk thrice weekly. Participants will walk at constant pace with zero inclination such that a subjective rate of perceived of 5 to 7 points on the ten-point Borg scale will be reached. Assessment of both groups will be done on first session and on last session.
Elderly, old person and senior citizen are all the terms generally used for geriatric
population. According to WHO, most developed countries have accepted the chronological age of
65 years as definition of elderly or older population which cannot be applied to developing
third world countries as the life expectancy is between 60 to 70 years. The United Nation
agreed cutoff is 60+ years to refer to old age. Adding to difficulty of defining actual birth
dates is often unknown in some areas because many people do not have official birth records.
Aging is characterized by gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an
individual that occur as a result of the passage of time. It is additionally subject to the
developments by which general public understands maturity. It is associated with declines in
different systems of body, resulting in an impaired capacity to perform daily activities
placing a large economic burden on society. Life of the elderly is characterized by a high
risk of multimorbidity accompanied by a high prevalence of cognitive impairment short of
dementia. A decline in cognitive abilities, such as perception, reasoning, and memory, is
part of the normal cognitive aging process. It is a process that is genetically defined and
environmentally modulated. In fact, advancing age is the major risk factor for a number of
chronic diseases in humans. A decrease in cognitive performance in older adults is
predominant in most individuals. During next 40 years, it is anticipated that there will be
an epidemic of dementia worldwide, with a 3- to 4-fold increase in the number of prevalent
cases owing to longer life expectancies and demographic changes. Attention is turning toward
identification of preclinical disease and development of treatments to prevent or delay the
onset of dementia. Cognitive impairment is a health problem that almost concerns to every
second elderly person.
There is of evidence from epidemiological studies, experimental trials, and basic
neurosciences that suggesting that cognitive decline related to aging can be cut off by
different intellectual activities which makes you less prone to cognitive problems faced at
later ages. There is always a debate whether cognitive mental activities are more better or
physical activity is better solution for these age related cognitive decline .Some studies
showed that cognitive training is effective when cognitive skills are practiced.
Cognitive decline due to aging leads to functional limitation and disability which leaves the
society with a huge economic burden. That is why, intervention and plan should be designed to
lessen this economic burden furthermore maintain and control epidemics like dementia and
other cognitive disorders. Physical activity has shown tremendous results in improving
cognition function in healthy older adults and as well as in older adults affected with
cognitive diseases and disorders. Evidence from epidemiological studies shows that physical
activity of high levels and for longer follow-ups showed better results in decreasing the
likelihood of developing cognitive impairments as compared to people with low levels of
physical activity .Therefore, it is hypothesized that physical activity plays an important
role in alleviating cognitive decline in older adults. Physical movement has been appeared to
have an intense up regulating impact on neurogenesis and to result in increased concentration
of brain derived neurotropic factor.
Despite of the beneficial effects observed in cognitive outcomes with aerobic exercise
training in Previous studies aerobic exercise was associated with progress in neurocognitive
functions in older adults whether cognitive impairment is present or not . A study conducted
in 2012 reported significant improvements in memory domain and few other studies showed
significant improvements in executive function after following aerobic training protocol. But
there was lack of consistent evidence to show the beneficial effects of aerobic training on
cognition in elderly population. Many other researchers focused on resistive training
exercises for improving cognitive and memory functions.With advancement of time and
technology newer exercise techniques and modalities have been developed to maximize
functional capacities of older adults. In these days of development multi-component exercises
is a new combination of training exercise in which aerobic, resistance training is combined
with balance ,coordination, flexibility to decrease disability in older
adults.Multi-component is the most effective approach in addressing functional capacity in
frail older adults and limiting disability.Functional benefits of this exercise are well
established ,however evidence is less consistent regarding cognitive gains associated with
multi-component exercise training. A study reported that aerobic and resistance training
combined has better gains in working memory as compared to aerobic training alone.
In the light of literature review studies were conducted to determine the effects of
different types of physical activity on cognition of elderly people and in prevention of
decreasing cognitive levels in elderly people. The impact of exercises including aerobic
training, resistive training, aerobic training versus stretching, resistive training versus
stretching, resistive training with no intervention were previously examined however, results
were less clear and consistent.
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