Mild Cognitive Impairment — Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer's Disease
Citation(s)
Burgess A, Dubey S, Yeung S, Hough O, Eterman N, Aubert I, Hynynen K Alzheimer disease in a mouse model: MR imaging-guided focused ultrasound targeted to the hippocampus opens the blood-brain barrier and improves pathologic abnormalities and behavior. Radiology. 2014 Dec;273(3):736-45. doi: 10.1148/radiol.14140245. Epub 2014 Sep 15.
Hescham S, Lim LW, Jahanshahi A, Blokland A, Temel Y Deep brain stimulation in dementia-related disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Dec;37(10 Pt 2):2666-75. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.09.002. Epub 2013 Sep 20.
Lin WT, Chen RC, Lu WW, Liu SH, Yang FY Protective effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on aluminum-induced cerebral damage in Alzheimer's disease rat model. Sci Rep. 2015 Apr 15;5:9671. doi: 10.1038/srep09671.
Modulation of Hippocampal Circuitry and Memory Function With Focused Ultrasound in Amnestic MCI
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
