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Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

NCT number NCT05117528
Other study ID # LEO 24005
Secondary ID
Status Completed
Phase
First received
Last updated
Start date July 27, 2021
Est. completion date September 30, 2022

Study information

Verified date November 2022
Source London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Contact n/a
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a bacteria which causes severe infections and leads to deadly diseases such as rheumatic heart disease which kills over 300,000 people a year globally, particularly in low-income countries. It is not know how GAS is spread between people, how often people carry GAS in their throat or on their skin without having symptoms, or what factors increase the chance of this occurring. It is important to understand these factors in order to know how to reduce GAS-related disease. This study will follow 444 people in The Gambia, over 12 months, taking samples from the throats and skin of people living in the same households, and asking questions about themselves and their behaviour, at regular intervals. By taking samples over time, the investigators hope to understand how common it is to carry GAS without having symptoms, how GAS is spread between people, and whether carrying GAS leads to more GAS infections in people or their household members. The study will use state-of-the-art techniques to look at the DNA of GAS bacteria that we find, and combine this with a mathematical model to investigate how different strains spread to people within and between households in the community.


Description:

Type of study and design The study is a prospective, longitudinal (open) cohort study within households in Sukuta, The Gambia. Households will be recruited, and all available household members asked to participate. Households will be followed for 12 months, with up to monthly visits (at least 3-monthly visits), and more frequently for some subgroups of participants. A total of 45 households will be recruited, including every available household member as individual participants (resulting in a cohort of approximately 450 participant with the average household size in Sukuta being around 10). Households will be enrolled for 12 months, with enrolment aiming to commence before the rainy season, to ensure that the enrolment period will span one full rainy season, with dry periods either side. Every household will undergo an enrolment visit (MV0), then up to monthly visits (MV1, MV2, MV3 etc., up to MV12) or less frequently if practical constraints arise. At each visit an oropharyngeal swab, normal skin swab, oral fluid sample and dried blood spot sample will be taken from all individuals, data collected on socio-demographics, social mixing behaviour and clinical examination findings. Examination findings recorded will include evidence of pharyngitis, pyoderma, and scabies. In addition, a blood sample for serum will be taken at the beginning and end of the study for detailed functional immune responses. Swabs will also be taken from any pyoderma lesions, from common touch points in the household such as door handles, and settle plates used inside households. Swabs will be transported the same day to the laboratory and plated for microbiological culture. The culture will identify the presence of GAS from the swabs, and if present, antibiotic resistance will be determined and isolates stored for later use. Additionally, if Groups C and G Streptococcus are identified the isolates will be stored, and from normal skin and pyoderma wound swabs, any Staphylococcus aureus isolates will stored. Swabs from participants will be cultured for the presence of GAS and isolates will undergo whole genome sequencing in order to assess phylogenetic relatedness of strains identified. These data, combined with temporal incidence of strain acquisition, clinical data and household situation will be used to build a mathematical model of GAS transmission to identify key routes of transmission within and between households. Sub-studies: Intensified incident GAS surveillance cohort A subgroup of 12 households, most with at least one asymptomatic GAS carrying individual at baseline, and some with no carriers, will form a cohort to undergo intensified swabbing. This cohort will be used to assess incidence of GAS carriage and disease with greater resolution than the main cohort. All household members present will undergo more frequent swabbing, with a view to being visited every week for 6 months. At these visits, more detailed social-mixing behaviour data will be collected. Estimating duration of GAS carriage A further subgroup will also be identified to allow for greater resolution in the estimation of the duration of GAS carriage. Following enrolment, any participant who becomes GAS carrier positive (i.e. was negative at baseline or the previous visit, and then becomes positive asymptomatically) will have weekly swabs taken from the same site that was positive, until 2 GAS negative swabs have been taken in a row. Estimating GAS infection incidence To assess incidence of clinical GAS disease in the cohort throughout the study, all participants reporting symptoms suggestive of possible clinical GAS infection such as pharyngitis or pyoderma (but also including invasive infections), will be visited for an unscheduled visit where a clinical and health-seeking history will be recorded, a swab, saliva and DBS taken, and treatment (or further management) will be delivered according to WHO guidelines or best local practice. Furthermore, at each scheduled visit, any individual identified with symptoms of clinical GAS infection will undergo the same process of history-taking, swabbing, treatment and follow up.


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Completed
Enrollment 441
Est. completion date September 30, 2022
Est. primary completion date September 30, 2022
Accepts healthy volunteers
Gender All
Age group N/A and older
Eligibility Inclusion Criteria: Households must: - Be within the boundary of Sukuta as determined by the 2013 census - Have at least 3 members including at least one child under age 18 Individuals must: - Provide signed (or thumbprinted) informed consent for study participation (obtained from a parent or guardian for children under the age of 18 - Be willing and have capacity to participate and comply with the study protocol as judged by a member of the study team - Be resident in the household, with no plans to move outside of the household during the period of study participation Exclusion Criteria: Households: - Less than 80% of individuals living in the household, as defined by the The Gambia Demographic and Health Survey 2013 definition, provide consent to participate Individuals: - Consent not provided - Has any condition or any other reason that may lead to difficulty or discomfort in obtaining all the necessary samples - Is judged by the study team member to be unable or unlikely to participate and comply with the study protocol for the entire study period

Study Design


Locations

Country Name City State
Gambia MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM Fajara

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Wellcome Trust

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Gambia, 

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Primary Prevalence of oropharyngeal swabs positive for GAS each month Oropharyngeal swabs taken at monthly visits will be plated for microbiological culture, and the presence of GAS determined by latex agglutination testing. Monthly visits
Primary Prevalence of normal skin swabs positive for GAS each month Normal skin swabs taken at monthly visits will be plated for microbiological culture, and the presence of GAS determined by latex agglutination testing. Monthly visits
Primary Incidence of GAS-positive oropharyngeal swabs Oropharyngeal swabs taken at each visit will be plated for microbiological culture, and the presence of GAS determined by latex agglutination testing. The incidence of positive swabs in person-years will be calculated 1 year
Primary Incidence of GAS-positive normal skin swabs Normal skin swabs taken at each visit will be plated for microbiological culture, and the presence of GAS determined by latex agglutination testing. The incidence of positive swabs in person-years will be calculated 1 year
Primary Change in GAS-positive swabs per month Seasonal changes in GAS-positivity will be assessed over the course of a year. 1 year
Secondary Adjusted hazard ratio for GAS carriage depending on presence of relevant risk factors 1 year
Secondary Adjusted hazard ratio for GAS symptomatic infection depending on presence of relevant risk factors 1 year
Secondary Difference in GAS emm type diversity compared to other settings 1 year
Secondary The level of GAS tissue tropism 1 year
Secondary Prevalence of Group C streptococcal carriage Monthly
Secondary Prevalence of Group G streptococcal carriage Monthly
Secondary Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus skin carriage Monthly
Secondary Seroprevalence of anti-GAS antibodies Baseline
Secondary Sensitivity of GAS isolates to antimicrobials. 1 year
Secondary Difference in GAS-specific serological immune activity between GAS-colonised and non-GAS colonised participants 1 year
Secondary Difference in GAS-specific mucosal immune activity between GAS-colonised and non-GAS colonised participants 1 year
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