Modified Jessner's Solution With Trichloroacetic Acid Versus Glycolic Acid With Trichloroacetic Acid

Melasma Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Efficacy of Combined Peels in Treatment of Melasma Using Modified Jessner's Solution With 20%Trichloroacetic Acid Versus 70%Glycolic Acid With 20% Trichloroacetic Acid : A Split-face Study

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03153852
• Other study ID #: combined peels
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Phase: Phase 4
• First received: May 11, 2017
• Last updated: January 23, 2018
• Start date: March 15, 2018
• Est. completion date: December 15, 2020

Study information

• Verified date: January 2018
• Source: Assiut University
• Contact: Ensaf Abdel-Maguid, MD
• Phone: 01005263721
• Email: amiraali21[@]yahoo.com
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Melasma is a common acquired disorder of hyperpigmentation characterized by irregular light brown to dark brown patches of hyperpigmentation commonly affecting the face. The trunk and arms are also occasionally involved .

Description:

Key etiologic factors include a genetic predisposition, solar damage, barrier abnormalities, and unique sensitivities to hormonal changes including pregnancy, oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy .Melasma can be divided into centrofacial, malar, and mandibular, according to the pigment distribution on the skin. The hyperpigmented patches are usually symmetrical and have a sharp irregular border.On wood's light examination three forms of melasma exist (epidermal, dermal, and mixed). Epidermal & mixed types shows accentuation of pigmentation, while there is no change in dermal type The epidermal type is the most responsive to treatment .Melasma is often difficult to treat, and the condition may be refractory. Principles of therapy include protection from ultraviolet light, inhibition of melanocyte activity and melanin synthesis, and the disruption and removal of melanin granules .Many depigmenting agents and other therapies such as chemical peeling are used for treating melasma, in the form of monotherapy or combined therapy .The most commonly used peeling agents are alpha-hydroxy-acids, glycolic acid , Jessner solution, salicylic acid resorcinol,trichloroacetic acid , pyruvic acid and phenol Several hypopigmenting agents such as topical hydroquinone (2 to 4%) alone or in combination with tretinoin (0.05 to 0.1%) have been used with differing results. Topical azelaic acid (15 to 20%) can be as efficacious as hydroquinone. Kojic acid, alone or in combination with glycolic acid or hydroquinone, has shown good results, due to its inhibitory action on tyrosinase. Chemical peeling is apromising treatment for numerous pigmentary disorders as melasma.Which aim to remove the melanin ,rather than the inhibition of melanocytes or melanogenesis by causing controlled necrosis and subsequent regeneration of the epidermis ,apart from remodeling of collagen and elastic fiberes in the dermis . The gold standard for chemical peeling agents is trichloroacetic acid It is a traditional chemical substance which has been used for both superficial and medium-depth as well as deep peelings.It is not expensive, stable, not light-sensitive and does not need to be neutralized .Classic Jessner's solution is a combination of different chemical substances, including salicylic acid(14gm), resorcinol(14gm), lactic acid(14gm) and ethanol, which can be used either alone for superficial peeling or in combination with other agents to make easier medium-depth procedures. Dr.Max Jessner originally formulated this peel to reduce the concentration and toxicity of each of the individual ingredients while increasing efficacy. Modified formula: lactic acid(17%), salicylic acid(17%), citric acid(8%) and ethanol .It is preferred , to avoid possible allergic reactions and hyperpigmentation problems, which may be created by resorcinol, especially in skin types V and VI.Gary Monheit has popularized the combination peel using the classic Jessner's solution combined with trichloroacetic acid , to achieve a more uniform penetration and an excellent peel with a low, safe concentration of trichloroacetic acid Glycolic acid it is one of the most frequently used superficial peeling agent.

It is stable , not light sensitive, inexpensive and easy to administer. Generally it is safe; scarring uncommon; persistent erythema and postpeel hyperpigmentation rarely seen.The depth of a Glycolic acid peel is a function of the concentration,volume and duration of application.Glycolic acid has been used in combination with trichloroacetic acid peels .70% glycolic acid is applied to the skin for 2 minutes.This is then neutralized,followed by the application of 35% trichloroacetic acid peels without any prior acetone scrub.This combination is thought to produce greater neoelastogenesis and less inflammation than Jessner/trichloroacetic acid combination.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 30
• Est. completion date: December 15, 2020
• Est. primary completion date: December 15, 2019
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 18 Years to 65 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adults >18 years old.

2. Clinical diagnosis of melasma.

3. Mental capacity to give informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant females and females on oral contraceptive pills.

2. Patients with a history of hypertrophic scars or keloids.

3. Patients with recurrent herpes infection.

4. Patients with unrealistic expectation.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Melanosis
• Melasma

Intervention

Drug:
• Modified Jessner's solution
Modified Jessner's solution will be applied on the right side until frosting
• Glycolic acid
Glycolic acid 70% on the other side of the face, then it will be neutralized with water after 5 minutes
• Trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic acid 20% will be applied in one uniform coat to both sides of the face until frosting

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Assiut University

References & Publications (14)

Clark E, Scerri L. Superficial and medium-depth chemical peels. Clin Dermatol. 2008 Mar-Apr;26(2):209-18. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.09.015. — View Citation

Grimes PE. Melasma. Etiologic and therapeutic considerations. Arch Dermatol. 1995 Dec;131(12):1453-7. Review. — View Citation

Gupta AK, Gover MD, Nouri K, Taylor S. The treatment of melasma: a review of clinical trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 Dec;55(6):1048-65. Epub 2006 Sep 28. Review. — View Citation

Javaheri SM, Handa S, Kaur I, Kumar B. Safety and efficacy of glycolic acid facial peel in Indian women with melasma. Int J Dermatol. 2001 May;40(5):354-7. — View Citation

Khunger N; IADVL Task Force. Standard guidelines of care for chemical peels. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2008 Jan;74 Suppl:S5-12. — View Citation

Landau M. Chemical peels. Clin Dermatol. 2008 Mar-Apr;26(2):200-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.09.012. — View Citation

Molinar VE, Taylor SC, Pandya AG. What's new in objective assessment and treatment of facial hyperpigmentation? Dermatol Clin. 2014 Apr;32(2):123-35. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2013.12.008. Review. — View Citation

Monheit GD. Chemical peels. Skin Therapy Lett. 2004 Feb;9(2):6-11. Review. — View Citation

Monheit GD. The Jessner's + TCA peel: a medium-depth chemical peel. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1989 Sep;15(9):945-50. — View Citation

Perez MI. The stepwise approach to the treatment of melasma. Cutis. 2005 Apr;75(4):217-22. — View Citation

Pérez-Bernal A, Muñoz-Pérez MA, Camacho F. Management of facial hyperpigmentation. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2000 Sep-Oct;1(5):261-8. Review. — View Citation

Rendon M, Berneburg M, Arellano I, Picardo M. Treatment of melasma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 May;54(5 Suppl 2):S272-81. Review. — View Citation

Soliman MM, Ramadan SA, Bassiouny DA, Abdelmalek M. Combined trichloroacetic acid peel and topical ascorbic acid versus trichloroacetic acid peel alone in the treatment of melasma: a comparative study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2007 Jun;6(2):89-94. — View Citation

Yalamanchili R, Shastry V, Betkerur J. Clinico-epidemiological Study and Quality of Life Assessment in Melasma. Indian J Dermatol. 2015 Sep-Oct;60(5):519. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.164415. — View Citation

* Note: There are 14 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI)	MASI = .3A(D+H) [forhead] + .3A(D+H)[right malar] + .3A(D+H)[left malar] + .1A(D+H)[chin]; A = area, D = darkness, and H = homogeneity. Area is based on percentage of the region covered by melasma using a 1-6 scale. Darkness is determined on a 0-3 scale. Homogeneity is based on a 0-4 scale.	The mean change from the baseline to week-12
Secondary	Evaluation of Photographs	Photos were evaluated using the grading of worse, no improvement, mild improvement or marked improvement comparing week 12 to baseline.	change from the baseline to week-12
Secondary	Global satisfaction score	by Quartile rating scale	change from the baseline to week-12