Effect of Foot Massage on Postpartum Comfort and Pain Level of the Mothers Who Had Vaginal Birth

Massage Clinical Trial

Official title:

Effect of Foot Massage on Postpartum Comfort and Pain Level of the Mothers Who Had Vaginal Birth: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04037202
• Other study ID #: 0000-0002-6762-0496
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: July 3, 2017
• Est. completion date: September 1, 2017

Study information

• Verified date: July 2019
• Source: Ege University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Background and Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of foot massage in the postpartum period on the need of receiving analgesic medication after assessing the postpartum comfort and pain status of the mothers who had vaginal delivery.Materials and methods: The study was completed with 66 mothers. As data collection tools, a questionnaire, Postpartum Comfort Scale (PCS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Drug Follow-up Card (DFC) were used.

Description:

Background and purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of foot massage in the postpartum period on the need of receiving analgesic medication after assessing the postpartum comfort and pain status of the mothers who had vaginal delivery.

Materials and methods: In order to keep the number of people in balance between the groups, "block randomization" method which is one of the fixed probability randomization types was preferred. The research was completed with 66 persons, 33 in the study group and 33 in the control group. As data collection tools, a questionnaire, Postpartum Comfort Scale (PCS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Drug Follow-up Card (DFC) were used.

Research inclusion criteria include (i) primipara mothers (who had their first birth), (ii) mothers who had normal vaginal delivery, (iii) those who had undergone episiotomy, (iv) who were volunteered to participate in the study, (v) who were on the first day of delivery (first 24 hours), (vi) who had no complications in the infant and the baby, (vii) age of whom ranged from 18 to 35, (viii) those who did not apply or receive any other complementary therapy, (ix) mothers who did not have any wound, infection or discomfort etc. on their feet, and those who can read and write.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 66
• Est. completion date: September 1, 2017
• Est. primary completion date: September 1, 2017
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 18 Years to 35 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• primipara mothers (who had their first birth),

• mothers who had normal vaginal delivery,

• those who had undergone episiotomy,

• who were volunteered to participate in the study,

• who were on the first day of delivery (first 24 hours),

• who had no complications in the infant and the baby,

• age of whom ranged from 18 to 35,

• those who did not apply or receive any other complementary therapy,

• mothers who did not have any wound, infection or discomfort etc. on their feet,

• mothers who can read and write

Exclusion Criteria:

• mothers with any systemic disease

• mothers who dislike foot massage during practice

• early discharge mothers

• mothers who applied another massage technique

• mothers who take the analgesic drug unnecessarily

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Massage
• Postpartum Disorder
• Puerperal Disorders

Intervention

Other:
• Foot massage
Foot massage includes classical massage techniques such as effleurage, petrissage and friction techniques. Effleurage is the movement of stroking and lubricating superficial tissues. Therefore, it is performed at the beginning and ending of the massage. Petrissage is the slow and rhythmic movement to apply direct pressure to the soft tissue underlying the skin with the balls of the fingers and thumbs. Friction is the application of pressure through small circular movements only in small areas, using hand or fingers. While muscle tissue is compressed and relaxed, blood and lymph circulation increases. Thus, lactic acid in the muscle fibers is diminished and fatigue and stress are decreased.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Turkey	Ege University	Izmir	Bornova

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Ege University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Turkey, 

References & Publications (17)

Abbaspoor Z, Akbari M, Najar S. Effect of foot and hand massage in post-cesarean section pain control: a randomized control trial. Pain Manag Nurs. 2014 Mar;15(1):132-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2012.07.008. Epub 2013 Jan 24. — View Citation

Adib-Hajbaghery M, Abasi A, Rajabi-Beheshtabad R. Whole body massage for reducing anxiety and stabilizing vital signs of patients in cardiac care unit. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2014 Jun 17;28:47. eCollection 2014. — View Citation

Aksoy Derya Y, Pasinlioglu T. The Effect of Nursing Care Based on Comfort Theory on Women's Postpartum Comfort Levels After Caesarean Sections. Int J Nurs Knowl. 2017 Jul;28(3):138-144. doi: 10.1111/2047-3095.12122. Epub 2015 Nov 25. — View Citation

Asazawa K PhD, Kato Y Bs, Yamaguchi A Ms, Inoue A Bs. The Effect of Aromatherapy Treatment on Fatigue and Relaxation for Mothers during the Early Puerperal Period in Japan: A Pilot Study. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2017 Oct;5(4):365-375. — View Citation

Can HO, Saruhan A. Evaluation of the effects of ice massage applied to large intestine 4 (hegu) on postpartum pain during the active phase of labor. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2015 Jan-Feb;20(1):129-38. — View Citation

Coban A, Sirin A. Effect of foot massage to decrease physiological lower leg oedema in late pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial in Turkey. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010 Oct;16(5):454-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01869.x. — View Citation

Degirmen N, Ozerdogan N, Sayiner D, Kosgeroglu N, Ayranci U. Effectiveness of foot and hand massage in postcesarean pain control in a group of Turkish pregnant women. Appl Nurs Res. 2010 Aug;23(3):153-8. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2008.08.001. Epub 2009 Jan 15. Erratum in: Appl Nurs Res. 2011 May;24(2):126. — View Citation

Eogan M, Daly L, O'Herlihy C. The effect of regular antenatal perineal massage on postnatal pain and anal sphincter injury: a prospective observational study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2006 Apr;19(4):225-9. — View Citation

Hattan J, King L, Griffiths P. The impact of foot massage and guided relaxation following cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial. J Adv Nurs. 2002 Jan;37(2):199-207. — View Citation

Jahdi F, Mehrabadi M, Mortazavi F, Haghani H. The Effect of Slow-Stroke Back Massage on the Anxiety Levels of Iranian Women on the First Postpartum Day. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016 Jun 7;18(8):e34270. eCollection 2016 Aug. — View Citation

Moghimi-Hanjani S, Mehdizadeh-Tourzani Z, Shoghi M. The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Anxiety, Pain, and Outcomes of the Labor in Primigravida Women. Acta Med Iran. 2015 Aug;53(8):507-11. — View Citation

Saatsaz S, Rezaei R, Alipour A, Beheshti Z. Massage as adjuvant therapy in the management of post-cesarean pain and anxiety: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016 Aug;24:92-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.05.014. Epub 2016 May 30. — View Citation

Santos Jde O, Oliveira SM, Nobre MR, Aranha AC, Alvarenga MB. A randomised clinical trial of the effect of low-level laser therapy for perineal pain and healing after episiotomy: a pilot study. Midwifery. 2012 Oct;28(5):e653-9. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2011.07.009. Epub 2011 Oct 5. — View Citation

Senol DK, Aslan E. The Effects of Cold Application to the Perineum on Pain Relief After Vaginal Birth. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2017 Dec;11(4):276-282. doi: 10.1016/j.anr.2017.11.001. Epub 2017 Nov 26. — View Citation

Simavli S, Kaygusuz I, Gumus I, Usluogullari B, Yildirim M, Kafali H. Effect of music therapy during vaginal delivery on postpartum pain relief and mental health. J Affect Disord. 2014 Mar;156:194-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.027. Epub 2013 Dec 28. — View Citation

Wang HL, Keck JF. Foot and hand massage as an intervention for postoperative pain. Pain Manag Nurs. 2004 Jun;5(2):59-65. — View Citation

Xue M, Fan L, Ge LN, Zhang Y, Ge JL, Gu J, Wang Y, Chen Y. Postoperative Foot Massage for Patients after Caesarean Delivery. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2016 Aug;220(4):173-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-104802. Epub 2016 Aug 10. — View Citation

* Note: There are 17 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Informed Consent Form	The form consists of 31 questions about family, pregnancy, birth and newborn characteristics.This form was completed during the first meeting at the hospital.	5-10 minutes
Primary	Postpartum Comfort Scale (PCS)	In accordance with the comfort theory developed by Katharine Kolcaba in 1994, the PCS developed by Karakaplan and Yildiz (2010) consists of 34 items.A 5-point Likert-type scoring system was used to evaluate each item.Expression and scoring were made for each item ranging from "totally agree" (5 points), and "strongly disagree" (1 points).In positive sentences, "I fully agree" indicates the best comfort (5 points) and in negative sentences low comfort (1 points).Accordingly, the lowest score to be taken from the scale is 34 and the highest score is 170.	5-10 minutes
Primary	Visual Analog Scale (VAS)	It is a single-item continuous scale consisting of a horizontal or vertical line and is usually 10 centimeters (100 mm) in length. For example, the severity of pain a patient feels ranges from "no pain" with 0 points on a line to "severe pain" with 10 points.Scoring is achieved by measuring the point the patient has marked with a ruler.Pain relief points in VAS; Absence of pain (0-4 mm),; Slight pain (5-44 mm),; Moderate pain (45-74 mm); Severe pain (75-100 mm)	Less than 1 minute
Primary	Drug Follow-up Card (DFC)	The researcher was prepared, this is a follow-up card in which the name and surname of the mothers, the name of the drug given to the mothers, the route of administration of the drug, date / time and dosage are indicated.	About 1 minute

External Links

•   Effect of Uterine Massage in the Perception of Women's Postpartum Pain Intensity
•   Factors that affecting mothers' postnatal comfort
•   The side effects and mother or child related physical harm from massageduring pregnancy and the postpartum period: An observational study