Malnutrition, Child — Chronic Malnutrition and Oral Health Status in Children Aged One to Five Years
Citation(s)
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Fontana M The Clinical, Environmental, and Behavioral Factors That Foster Early Childhood Caries: Evidence for Caries Risk Assessment. Pediatr Dent. 2015 May-Jun;37(3):217-25. Review.
Hallett KB, O'Rourke PK Pattern and severity of early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2006 Feb;34(1):25-35.
Jamelli SR, Rodrigues CS, de Lira PI Nutritional status and prevalence of dental caries among 12-year-old children at public schools: a case-control study. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2010;8(1):77-84.
Moynihan P, Petersen PE Diet, nutrition and the prevention of dental diseases. Public Health Nutr. 2004 Feb;7(1A):201-26. Review.
Oliveira LB, Sheiham A, Bönecker M Exploring the association of dental caries with social factors and nutritional status in Brazilian preschool children. Eur J Oral Sci. 2008 Feb;116(1):37-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2007.00507.x.
Ramos CV, Dumith SC, César JA Prevalence and factors associated with stunting and excess weight in children aged 0-5 years from the Brazilian semi-arid region. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2015 Mar-Apr;91(2):175-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2014.07.005. Epub 2014 Nov 6.
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
