View clinical trials related to Malaria.
Filter by:The purpose of this research study is to find out how well chloroquine works as a drug to treat malaria in children, compared to the standard malaria treatment in Malawi. In preparation for a longer study of the malaria treatment medication chloroquine alone and in combination with other drugs, a shorter pre-study will be done to compare the anti-malarial effectiveness of chloroquine versus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), the standard treatment in Malawi. Two hundred ten children, ages 6 months to 12 years, around Blantyre, Malawi, will be given standard dosing of either chloroquine or SP when they come to the Ndirande Health Centre with signs or symptoms consistent with malaria. The first 30 participants in each treatment group will remain under continuous observation at the health center so that the researchers can monitor their response to the medication until the infection goes away. The participants will be followed for 28 days to see if the the treatment works or fails.
The purpose of this study is to compare different ways of treating uncomplicated malaria in a group of Ugandan children. The study will be divided into 2 parts. Part 1 of the study will consist of 600 children, ages 1-10, living in the Mulago III Parish of Kampala. Approximately 90 children living in the same household as children from the Phase 1 portion of the study will be enrolled in Phase II of this study. Participants in Phase II of the study will receive an insecticide treated net to cover their bed. Over the course of the study, participants will be tested for malaria when they present to the clinic with a fever or illness. Participants that test positive for malaria will be given 1 of 3 possible study drug combinations. Study procedures will include physical exams and blood samples. Children will participate for about 3 years. Protocol 05-0110 is a study related to this protocol.
The ability to test candidate pre-erythrocytic stage malaria vaccines, using a well-established sporozoite challenge model, in a field setting with group sizes of tens rather than hundreds of volunteers would greatly facilitate identification of the most promising vaccine candidates. The investigators assessed the suitability and acceptability of this method in a field trial in semi-immune volunteers exposed to natural infection during the high malaria transmission season.
Animal and human studies have shown that the prime-boost immunization strategy using malaria antigens expressed in plasmid or viral vectors induces strong cellular immune responses. An immunization regimen with the malaria vaccines DNA ME-TRAP followed by MVA ME-TRAP induced strong T cell responses in adults in the United Kingdom (UK) and in the Gambia but did not provide significant clinical protection against infection. The investigators assessed two new vaccines which utilize a similar immunization strategy but a different malaria antigen, a circumsporozoite (CS) protein. The entire CS protein was expressed either in a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) CS, or an attenuated fowlpox virus strain (FP9) CS.
Supplementation with folic acid and iron is recommended for pregnant women in order to prevent them from developing anemia. In malaria endemic areas of Africa, the World Health Organization (WHO) now recommends that pregnant women should also be given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) once a month after quickening to protect them against malaria which is especially harmful during pregnancy. However, folic acid is an antagonist of SP so there is a possibility that giving folic acid with SP could interfere with the ability of the latter to provide protection against malaria. To investigate this possibility Gambian primigravidae with malaria parasitemia have been given SP and folic acid at the same time or on separate occasions two weeks apart and the ability of SP to cure the malaria infection investigated.
Malaria is particularly harmful during pregnancy causing anemia in the mother and low birth weight which, in turn, increases infant mortality. Thus, the World Health Organization (WHO) now recommends that all pregnant women who live in malaria endemic areas of Africa should receive sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) at monthly intervals during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Malaria is especially severe during first pregnancies and the value of intermittent preventative treatment with SP during first pregnancies has been clearly shown. However, it is less certain whether multigravidae, who are at less risk, also benefit from intermittent preventative treatment with SP. To investigate this, a trial has been conducted in Gambian multigravidae who were given intermittent preventative treatment with SP or placebo during the second and third trimesters. The prevalence of anemia six weeks after delivery, low birth weight and poor outcome of pregnancy in women in each group were studied.
Case management is one of the key strategies for malaria control in most endemic countries. Plasmodium falciparum malaria is becoming resistant to commonly used and cheap antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine, amodiaquine, and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Thus the safety and efficacy of new anti-malarial drugs need to be tested in sites with well-characterised malariometric indices in order to make appropriate treatment policies. Artemisinin-based combination chemotherapies have been documented to consistently produce faster relief of clinical symptoms and parasite clearance in uncomplicated falciparum malaria than any other currently used antimalarial drugs. So far, artesunate-amodiaquine (AS-AQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AR-LM) are the only two registered fixed-dose artemisinin combination chemotherapies produced at industrial scale, with good manufacturing practices and already used in Africa. Several African countries, including Ghana, are therefore introducing either AS-AQ or AR-LM as first-line antimalarials or evaluating the case for such a change. Clearly, a direct comparison of both the safety and efficacy profiles of the two combinations under different epidemiological conditions is urgently needed to guide informed decisions on the most appropriate antimalarial first-line treatment regimen. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of artesunate-amodiaquine combination therapy, artemether-lumefantrine, and artesunate-lapdap in an open-labelled, randomised, non-inferiority drug trial. The study results will inform future decisions on first- and second-line treatments for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria with respect to efficacy and safety in Ghana.
Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in children (IPTc) is a promising new approach to malaria control. Preliminary studies of IPTc in Senegal and Mali indicate that this approach can be very effective. Although the results of these studies suggest that IPTc with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus artesunate (AS) or SP alone is an efficacious and safe intervention for reducing the burden of malaria and anaemia in children in high transmission areas with short transmission periods, there is no data from areas with long transmission periods. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of IPTc in reducing anaemia and malaria in an area with up to 6 months of transmission in Ghana. Two thousand two hundred forty children aged 3-59 months will be randomly allocated to four groups (560 per arm) to receive amodiaquine plus artesunate (AQ+AS), given at two different intervals (monthly or bimonthly), SP or placebo. The children will also be followed to determine if there is any rebound in the incidence of severe malaria and anaemia in the year following IPTc.
The purpose of this trial is to compare the effectiveness of three combination treatments for uncomplicated malaria when given in operational settings, without supervision of doses other than the first dose.
Lapdap (chlorproguanil-dapsone) is an affordable and effective drug, but patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) A- deficiency are more susceptible to the haemolytic effects of the dapsone component of Lapdap; therefore there is a need to evaluate the extent to which the risks associated with the use of the drug in settings without G6PD screening might outweigh the benefits to malaria treatment. The investigators will evaluate, in operational settings, the safety and effectiveness of Lapdap and coartemether (lumefantrine-artemether) for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in patients 6 months to 10 years of age.