View clinical trials related to Malaria.
Filter by:This study is a randomized clinical trial designed to compare the susceptibility of naive and pre-immune volunteers to infectious challenge with viable Plasmodium vivax sporozoites. The term preimmune hereafter denoted only previous experience with infection by this parasite and not a definite state of immunity to malaria infection. The study hypothesis is that pre-immune volunteers present a delayed onset of malaria clinical and parasitological manifestations when compared to naive individuals. The development of this study will establish a protocol for evaluating the effectiveness of vaccine candidates against P. vivax in subsequent Phases IIa and IIb clinical trials.
In this study, the investigators propose to determine the value of rolling out four targeted malaria control efforts in reducing overall malaria transmission. These targeted control efforts include local upscaling of IRS and ITNs in hotspots of malaria transmission. In addition, larviciding will be employed to target malaria vectors, also those that are less susceptible to IRS and ITNs as a consequence of outdoor feeding and resting. Lastly, the human infectious reservoir will be reduced in hotspots of malaria transmission by treating parasite carriers and their household members with the current first-line antimalarial drug. The impact of these targeted interventions on overall transmission intensity will be assessed in the context of currently ongoing malaria control activities in a plausibility study. Hotspots of malaria transmission are defined in an area of 100km2 and randomized to receive hotspot targeted interventions and compared with their baseline and with control clusters where the routine (untargeted) malaria control activities continue. The interventions will be evaluated based on changes in parasite prevalence measured in community surveys inside and outside hotspots of malaria transmission. Parasite prevalence will be compared before and after the intervention in intervention clusters and between intervention and control clusters. In addition to malaria surveys in the human population, an entomological evaluation will take place where the densities of mosquito larvae and adult mosquitoes are monitored longitudinally.
In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), malaria is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that malaria is responsible for 30% of admissions to hospital averaged throughout the country and for 25-30% mortality in children under five. In 2005, DRC adopted artesunate and amodiaquine (ASAQ) as first-line anti-malarial treatment. As WHO recommended that the efficacy of antimalarial drugs was monitored regularly to avoid an upsurge of mortality and morbidity due to continued use of ineffective drugs, a randomized, non-inferiority open-label trial was conducted in Katanga, in order to compare the efficacy of the fixed-dose formulation ASAQ versus artemether-lumefantrine (AL), Children aged six and 59 months with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were enrolledand randomly allocated into one of the two regimens. The risk of recurrent parasitaemia by day 42, both unadjusted and adjusted by PCR genotyping to distinguish recrudescence from new infection, was analysed. Between April 2008 and March 2009, 301 childrenwere included: 156 with ASAQ and 145 with AL. No early treatment failures were reported. Among the 256 patients followed-up at day 42, 32 patients developed late clinical or parasitological failure (9.9% (13/131) in the ASAQ group and 15.2% (19/125) in the AL group). After PCR correction, cure rates were 98.3% (95%CI, 94.1-99.8) in the ASAQ group and 99.1% (95%CI, 94.9-99.9) in the AL group (difference -0.7%, one sided 95%CI -3.1). Kaplan-Meier PCR-adjusted cure rates were similar. Both treatment regimens were generally well tolerated. Both ASAQ and AL are highly effective and currently adequate as the first-line treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in this area of Katanga, DRC. However, in a very large country such as DRC, and because of possible emergence of resistance from other endemic regions, surveillance of efficacy of artemisinin-based combination treatments, including other evaluations of the resistance of ASAQ, need to be done in other provinces.
The purpose of this study is to see if two new malaria vaccines called FMP1 and RTSS, combined with an adjuvant (called SBAS2) which helps stimulate the body's immune system, are safe, demonstrate an immune response through blood tests, and lastly, to see if the vaccines can prevent malaria infection. The RTS,S vaccine contains a malaria protein in combination with a portion of the commercially available hepatitis B vaccine. The FMP1 vaccine also contains a malaria protein. The adjuvant called SBAS2, is a special oil in water emulsion. Vaccinations are done at study days 0, 28 and 84, followed by a malaria challenge approximately 14 days after the 3rd vaccination.
This study seeks to determine whether screening pregnant women for malaria with malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) may detect placental infection and predict risk of poor birth outcomes due to malaria in areas of varied malaria transmission in Africa.
For the treatment of P.vivax the standard treatment is chloroquine. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that pregnant women may require different doses of drugs, including antimalarials due to the physiological changes of pregnancy. It is important that any drug used in pregnant women it is given at the correct dose. The only way to evaluate this is by pharmacokinetic studies. The investigators propose to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of chloroquine when use to treat P.vivax in the 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The same evaluation in the same woman post-partum is required as a control.
This study will randomize 30 healthy adult participants to one of three cohorts comprised of six groups of 5 individuals per group to simultaneously receive PfSPZ Challenge via the ID route. The goal will be to determine the optimal dose required to achieve 100% infectivity (ID100) of adult volunteers with P. falciparum malaria.
Longitudinal survey in Northern Senegal to investigate the environmental factors modulating the immune response to childhood vaccines and to malaria. A cohort of 410 children aged 1 to 10 from 5 villages of the Senegal River Valley(Podor District) was followed-up for 18 months. During that period, 5 visits have been made to the villages to assess the immunological and nutritional status of the children.
The proposed trial will evaluate whether relatively non immune populations in endemic countries can be effectively infected with aseptic, purified, cryopreserved sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge) given intradermally.
Malaria has remained a major concern for the US military. During World War II, malaria was the leading cause of disease and non-battle injury with 500-700 men infected per day, resulting in 24,000 malaria-related casualties.(10) Currently, the methods used for protecting troops against malaria are insecticidal nets, clothing, and antimalarial treatment. To be effective, these methods must be self-administered and be used consistently, often unattainable in field or combat situations. The United States Army Medical Research and Development Command (USAMRMC), through the United States Army Medical Materiel Development Activity (USAMMDA) and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) are actively pursuing the development of an effective vaccine against P. falciparum malaria; development of such a vaccine is a high priority for the US military and other individuals who travel to endemic regions, and is equally important to populations residing in those areas. A Phase 1 study using FMP012, a recombinant E.coli expressed malaria protein (CelTOS) vaccine will 1. assess the safety and reactogenicity of candidate P. falciparum malaria vaccine FMP012/GLA-SE Secondary: 2. measure the humoral immune response to FMP012/GLA-SE using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 3. assess the protective efficacy of FMP012/GLA-SE against a P. falciparum sporozoite challenge.