View clinical trials related to Malaria.
Filter by:This is a phase IV one-arm study aiming at recruiting 50 patients to assess the efficacy of AQ+AS in patients with a positive RDT diagnosis of malaria in Nanoro, Burkina Faso.
A randomized double-blind controlled trial will be carried out in which young, nulliparous (having never given birth) women will be randomly assigned to receive weekly supplementation with either iron and folic acid or folic acid alone. Women will be followed-up weekly up to 18 months. Women who become pregnant will be followed-up until delivery. Malaria risk in both groups will be compared by assessing the prevalence of peripheral parasitaemia at the first antenatal clinic visit for pregnant women and at the end of the first malaria transmission season for non-pregnant women. The incidence of clinical malaria will be assessed by active and passive case detection throughout the follow-up period.
SB-252263 (Tafenoquine, TQ) is an 8-aminoquinoline (8-AQ) antimalarial drug being developed by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC) and Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV). TQ is currently being developed for the radical cure of acute P. vivax malaria in combination with standard doses of CQ, which is 1500 mg over 3 days. The current gold standard for radical cure of P. vivax malaria in many areas of the world is chloroquine (CQ) for clearance of the acute parasitemia immediately followed by primaquine (PQ) to clear the liver stages of the parasite and prevent disease relapse. The 8-AQ class of drugs, including PQ, is hemolytic in subjects with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. The current study will identify a dose of TQ within the target efficacious dose range that has a hemolytic effect similar to or less than PQ 15 mg OD x 14 days (i.e. ≤ 25-30% hemoglobin decline in WHO class III G6PD-deficient subjects).
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive monoclonal B-cell malignancy that is rare (sporadic) worldwide, but is 100-fold more common (endemic) in equatorial Africa, particularly among children. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and malaria are epidemiologically linked to endemic BL in epidemiologic studies, but questions remain about role of EBV variants and the evidence for association with malaria is weak. EBV is ubiquitous, yet only few children develop BL, possibly because only a few EBV variants are pathogenically relevant. The association of BL with malaria is based on ecologic and non-comparative clinical studies. Two case-control studies have reported significant association of high anti-malarial antibodies with BL (OR=5_ among children in Uganda and in Malawi, but selection bias (cases and controls came from dissimilar geographical areas) and reverse causality bias were limitations. Three studies were conducted in the 1960s and 70s to test association of carriage of malaria-resistance gene with BL, two of which reported a significant or marginal inverse association. These pioneering studies were small (240 cases all together) and looked at one polymorphism in one gene (sickle cell gene). Improvements in technologies to characterize genetic variation allow the EBV and malaria hypotheses to be examined with greater power by looking at genetic variation across multiple genes. Epidemiology of Burkitt lymphoma in East African children and minors (EMBLEM) is a case-control study of 1500 BL cases and 3000 age-, sex- and residence-frequency matched controls we are proposing to conduct in East Africa. The study will enroll cases at four hospitals in four regions in East Africa, where malaria transmission is holoendemic and year round. The controls will be enrolled from general population attendees at Health Center II (HC-II) units where the cases originated. The primary study objectives are: 1) to test the hypothesis that genetic resistance to malaria is associated with a lower risk of BL, and 2) to use genome-wide association methods to discover genetic variation that may be associated with decreased or increased risk of BL. Because genetic variation conveys no information on actual exposure to malaria or EBV, in secondary analyses, we will use empiric epidemiological questionnaire and laboratory methods: a) to measure exposure to malaria and its association with BL, and b) to measure EBV variants and their association with BL. To examine issues related to bias and to obtain data to correct for deviations, we will also enroll 2250 population controls from 5% of the villages to obtain population distribution of key exposures variables. This data will be used to reweight the distribution in HC-II controls back to the general population. ...
Most malaria deaths occur within 48 hours of onset of symptoms, and in rural areas with poor access to health facilities, home management of malaria (HMM) can improve the timeliness of treatment and reduce malaria mortality by up to 50%. In order to maximize both coverage and impact, artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) should be deployed in HMM programmes, as well as in formal health facilities. Up to 80% of malaria cases are treated outside the formal health sector and shops are frequently visited as the first (and in some cases only) source of treatment. Strategies to deploy ACTs in Africa thus also need to examine the role of shops in home management and to ensure that drugs sold are appropriate. The current practice of presumptive treatment of any febrile illness as malaria (both at health facilities and in the context of HMM) based solely on clinical symptoms without routine laboratory confirmation, results in significant over-use of antimalarial drugs. With ACT being a more costly regimen, it is important to be more restrictive in its administration and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) provide a simple means of confirming malaria diagnosis in remote locations lacking electricity and qualified health staff. This study therefore proposes to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of using RDTs to improve malaria diagnosis and treatment by ocal drug shops in an area with high malaria transmission.
The aim of this epidemiology study is to characterize in a standardized way malaria transmission intensity at the clinical trial centers participating in study 110021 (NCT00866619).
This is an open label two-arm randomized prospective study of two treatments for P. vivax malaria. Patients meeting study inclusion criteria will be enrolled and allocated either chloroquine alone or chloroquine plus primaquine (0.25mg/kg/day for 14 days). Patients will be followed-up for 1 year, with clinical and laboratory examinations at each visit. Patients with recurrent P. vivax infection will be treated with the same medication as initially randomized unless contraindicated. Recurrences in the two arms will be compared to estimate the risk of and mean duration to relapse, classify the relapse pattern as early or late relapse and to estimate the efficacy and safety of the study drugs. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis will be used as far as possible help to distinguish between relapse and re-infection. Samples for chloroquine pharmacokinetic analysis will be collected on day 7 from each study subject as well as on the day of recurrence if within 8 weeks of chloroquine
Malaria, a disease responsible for over one million deaths per year, is caused by a germ spread by mosquito bites. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a vaccine designed for the prevention of malaria caused by the parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, and to evaluate the device used to give the vaccine. This study will provide information on how safe, effective, and tolerable the vaccine is in healthy adults. The participants will be assigned, by chance, to receive 3 doses/shots of the vaccine or a placebo (substance that contains no medication) by injection in the upper arm. Study participants will include 39 healthy adults aged 18-40 years who have not been exposed to malaria and who will enroll at the Emory Vaccine and Treatment Evaluation Unit in Atlanta, Georgia. Study procedures include physical exams and several blood samples. Participants will be involved in the study for approximately seven and one half months.
Zinc deficiency is prevalent in children in developing countries. Zinc-supplementation is proven to reduce the duration and severity of childhood diarrhea in randomized controlled trials. However, despite this evidence, its efficacy to reduce diarrhea morbidity in adults remains unknown. The main objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of Zn-supplementation on diarrhea incidences in a vulnerable adult population. The study will be carried out in Kombewa division, Kisumu District and will involve 500 adults aged 18-55 years. They will be randomly assigned to receive Zn supplement (or placebo) on a daily basis over a 3 month period. Morbidity information will be collected daily for 4 months, while anthropometric measures and laboratory data will be obtained at study onset, end of supplementation and study conclusion. In addition, HIV and malaria tests will be carried out during the study as they are important confounders. The significant differences in diarrhea incidence between the Zn-group and the placebo-group will be determined using SPSS. The results are expected to provide the scientific basis and common pathway for development of an anti-diarrheal supplement for vulnerable populations such as environmental refugees, deprived and displaced persons, and troops prior to deployment.
Background: There are worrying signs from Western Cambodia that parasitological responses to artesunate containing treatment regimens for uncomplicated falciparum malaria are slower than elsewhere in the world. Delayed parasite clearance and unusually high failure rates with artesunate-mefloquine have been reported. These antimalarials are central to current treatment strategies and spread of significant resistance outside this area would be a global disaster. Radical containment measures are needed. In this context there is an urgent need to proceed quickly to investigate whether there is any evidence of resistance to artemisinin derivatives in Vietnam. Objective: The primary objective is to assess the slope of the decline in the log parasitemia-time curve in patients treated with artesunate 2mg/kg/day, artesunate 4mg/kg/day or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine once daily, and to compare the results of this study to the pharmacokinetic results and to the recent data from patients in Cambodia and Thailand treated with equivalent therapies. Methods: The trial will be conducted in Phuoc Long Hospital, Binh Phuoc Province, Vietnam. The participants will be febrile patients (aged > 10 years) with slide confirmed uncomplicated P. falciparum infection. Patients will be treated with either artesunate 2mg/kg/day, artesunate 4mg/kg/day or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine once daily for 3 days. Patients on artesunate therapy arms will then receive 3 days of treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine with dosages according to the national guidelines. Clinical and parasitological parameters will be monitored over a 42-day follow-up period. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of artesunate and dihydroartemisinin will be assessed by using a population pharmacokinetic modeling.