Sirolimus in Treatment of Proteinuric Flares of Lupus Nephritis

Lupus Nephritis Clinical Trial

Official title:

A Pilot Study of Sirolimus in Treatment of Proteinuric Flares of Lupus Nephritis

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04892212
• Other study ID #: HS-2743
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Phase: Phase 2/Phase 3
• Start date: June 30, 2021
• Est. completion date: October 30, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: May 2021
• Source: Peking Union Medical College Hospital
• Contact: Chao Li, MD
• Phone: 86-010-69155058
• Email: superchad099[@]hotmail.com
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

This a single-centre, one-arm, open-label pilot study. Eligible patients with mild proteinuric flares of lupus nephritis Class III/IV±V are received sirolimus without changing previous immunosuppressive medication during 12-week follow-up.

Primary Objective:

• To investigate the efficacy of sirolimus for mild proteinuric flares in patients with Class III/IV±V lupus nephritis

Secondary Objective:

• To assess the safety and tolerability of sirolimus treatment for mild proteinuric flares in patients with Class III/IV±V lupus nephritis

Description:

Lupus nephritis is a common and serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It often requires aggressive immunosuppressive therapy. Although majority of patients with severe lupus nephritis achieve a complete or partial remission after 6-month induction treatment, renal flares can still occur during maintenance therapy. Whether patients with mild proteinuric flares should receive intensive immunosuppressive therapy is unclear. In pathogenesis of SLE, T-cell dysfunction is attributed to the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Previous prospective and retrospective studies in SLE or lupus nephritis showed the effect of mTOR blockade on systemic disease activity index or severe lupus nephritis as initial or maintenance therapy.

Eligible subjects with biopsy-proven Class III/IV±V lupus nephritis(ISN/RPS 2003) are received oral sirolimus without change previous immunosuppressive therapy. We follow up the included patients at Week 2, Week 4, Week6, Week 8 and Week 12 regularly.

The investigator will actively detect and inquire about the occurrence of adverse events (AEs)/ severe adverse events (SAEs) at every visit/ contact during the study. The clinical trials insurance is prepaid by sponsor to cover the design risks of the protocol and liability/ compensation to the research subject for bodily injury or death resulting from their participation in the trial.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 20
• Est. completion date: October 30, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: June 30, 2023
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 60 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Biopsy-proven Class III or IV±V lupus nephritis (ISN/RPS 2003 lupus nephritis classification) with biopsy performed within 48 weeks before inclusion.

• Males or females aged 18 to 60 years old at the time of screening.

• The mild proteinuric flare of lupus nephritis is defined as meeting all of the following criteria :

1. Persistently increased proteinuria after complete remission, and 24-hr proteinuria=1.0g/day or doubling of proteinuria after partial remission, and 24-hr proteinuria=2.0g/day

2. No hypoalbuminemia: serum albumin =35g/L

3. Stable renal function: serum creatinine<25% increase above the level at the time of renal disease remission

• Eligible to sign informed-consent independently

Exclusion Criteria:

• Renal disease unrelated to SLE (e.g. diabetes mellitus, other glomerular or tubulointerstitial diseases, renovascular disease), or transplanted kidney

• Estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR by CKD-EPI)<45mL/min per 1.73m^2 at the time of screening

• Renal biopsy showing cellular of fibrocellular crescent in more than 25% of glomeruli

• Central nervous system (CNS) or other severe organ manifestations of lupus that necessitate aggressive immunosuppressive therapy on its own.

• Co-morbidities that require corticosteroid therapy (e.g. asthma, inflammatory bowel disease)

• Any increased dose of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive medication including cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, leflunomide, calcineurin inhibitors, azathioprine, methotrexate, or use of biological agents regardless of duration, with the past six months

• Hepatitis B virus (HBV) or Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection history: seropositivity of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) or HCV antibodies (HCV-Ab)

• Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding

• Women with childbearing potential or their male partners, who refuse to use an effective birth control method

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Effect of Drug
• Immunosuppression
• Lupus Nephritis
• Nephritis

Intervention

Drug:
• Sirolimus
The daily dose of sirolimus is divided twice.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Peking Union Medical College Hospital	North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation

References & Publications (5)

Eriksson P, Wallin P, Sjöwall C. Clinical Experience of Sirolimus Regarding Efficacy and Safety in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Pharmacol. 2019 Feb 6;10:82. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00082. eCollection 2019. — View Citation

Esatoglu SN, Seyahi E. Is sirolimus a treatment option for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus? Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019 Nov-Dec;37 Suppl 122(6):13. Epub 2019 Jul 12. — View Citation

Lai ZW, Kelly R, Winans T, Marchena I, Shadakshari A, Yu J, Dawood M, Garcia R, Tily H, Francis L, Faraone SV, Phillips PE, Perl A. Sirolimus in patients with clinically active systemic lupus erythematosus resistant to, or intolerant of, conventional medications: a single-arm, open-label, phase 1/2 trial. Lancet. 2018 Mar 24;391(10126):1186-1196. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30485-9. Epub 2018 Mar 15. — View Citation

Ma MKM, Yung S, Chan TM. mTOR Inhibition and Kidney Diseases. Transplantation. 2018 Feb;102(2S Suppl 1):S32-S40. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000001729. Review. — View Citation

Yap DYH, Tang C, Chan GCW, Kwan LPY, Ma MKM, Mok MMY, Chan TM. Longterm Data on Sirolimus Treatment in Patients with Lupus Nephritis. J Rheumatol. 2018 Dec;45(12):1663-1670. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.180507. Epub 2018 Oct 1. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	The number of patients achieving sustained Renal Response(RR)	Sustained RR is defined as satisfying all of the following criteria: 1)Proteinuria is improved by =50% compared with baseline; 2)24-hr urine protein < 1g; 3)Serum creatinine is not higher than 15% above baseline level; 4)No occurrence of non-renal disease flare after achieving response to treatment.	at the end of 12 weeks (3 months) from baseline
Secondary	Complete renal remission	24-hr urine protein<0.3g/day or urine Protein-Creatinine ratio (uPCR)<300mg/g; Serum creatinine not higher than 15% above baseline level	at the end of 12 weeks (3 months) from baseline
Secondary	Partial renal remission	24-hr urine protein<3.5g/day or uPCR<3500mg/g; Serum creatinine not higher than 15% above baseline level	at the end of 12 weeks (3 months) from baseline
Secondary	Rate of non-renal flare	Central nervous system or other severe organ manifestations of SLE that necessitate aggressive immunosuppressive therapy on its own	during the 3-month follow up
Secondary	Safety and tolerability of study medications	The following parameters will be monitored: Increase of serum creatinine level>15% from baseline and whether it is reversible or irreversible; Episodes with sirolimus level above the target range; New-onset hypertension or worsening hypertensive control that required increase of antihypertensive medication; Infectious requiring hospitalization and the causative agents; Hospitalization episodes- cause, duration (days); Hypokalemia: serum potassium <3.5mmol/L; Metabolic acidosis with HCO3 <17mmol/L; New-onset hypercholesterolemia present at 3 months or beyond from baseline and/or addition of lipid-lowering drug(s).; Premature discontinuation from the study due to treating intolerance; Premature discontinuation from the study due to rapid disease progression or other reasons; Failure to adhere to the protocol defined corticosteroid reduction regimen; Other adverse clinical events or events considered clinically significant	during the 3-month follow up
Secondary	Increase of serum creatinine level>15% from baseline	Increase of serum creatinine level (µmol/L)>15% from baseline and whether it is reversible or irreversible.	during the 3-month follow up
Secondary	Episodes with sirolimus level above the target range	Episodes with sirolimus level above the target range(serum sirolimus trough level>8ng/mL) will be recorded.	during the 3-month follow up
Secondary	New-onset hypertension or worsening hypertensive control that required increase of antihypertensive medication	Hypertension be diagnosed when a person's systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the office or clinic is =140 mm Hg and/or their diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is =90 mm Hg following repeated examination.; New-onset hypertension or worsening hypertensive control that required increase of antihypertensive medication will be recorded.	during the 3-month follow up
Secondary	Infection requiring hospitalization	Infection requiring hospitalization will be recorded including the site of infection, the causative agent and duration (days).	during the 3-month follow up
Secondary	Hypokalemia	Serum potassium <3.5mmol/L	during the 3-month follow up
Secondary	Hypercholesterolemia	New-onset hypercholesterolemia present during follow-up or beyond from baseline and/or addition of lipid-lowering drug(s)	during the 3-month follow up
Secondary	Premature discontinuation from the study	The time of of discontinuation from study will be recorded, and the discontinuation is due to: treating intolerance; rapid disease progression; other reasons	during the 3-month follow up
Secondary	Failure to adhere to the protocol	Failure to adhere to the protocol including: do not titer the dose of sirolimus following study protocol; increase the dose of other immunosuppressives personally without the permission of physician	during the 3-month follow up
Secondary	Changes in Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI)	Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI) assesses disease activity by scoring 24 weighted disease activity descriptors of SLE as "present" or "absent" in preceding 10 days. A patient's total score is the sum of all marked SLE-related descriptors; a total score ranges between 0 and 105, with a higher score representing a more significant degree of disease activity.; Assessment scales of SELENA-SLEDAI is available online.	from baseline to end of 12 weeks
Secondary	Changes in Physician Global Assessement (PGA)	The Physician Global Assessment (PGA) is a visual analog scale (VAS) using 3 benchmarks for assessing disease activity over the last 2 weeks. Mild flare will score 1.0 point, moderate flares will score a 2.0-2.5 point and severe flares will score a 3 on the 0-3 analog scale. PGA is available online.	from baseline to end of 12 weeks