Belatacept Evaluation of Nephroprotection and Efficacy as First-line Immunosuppression (BENEFIT)

Kidney Transplantation Clinical Trial

— BENEFIT  

Official title:

Belatacept Evaluation of Nephroprotection and Efficacy as First-line Immunosuppression Trial (BENEFIT)

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT00256750
• Other study ID #: IM103-008
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 3
• First received: November 15, 2005
• Last updated: July 12, 2016
• Start date: March 2005
• Est. completion date: April 2015

Study information

• Verified date: July 2016
• Source: Bristol-Myers Squibb
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this study is to learn if Belatacept can provide protection from organ rejection following kidney transplantation while avoiding some of the toxic effects of standard immunosuppressive medications such as kidney damage. Effects on kidney function and patient survival as well as drug safety will also be studied.

Other known NCT identifiers

• NCT00432497

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 738
• Est. completion date: April 2015
• Est. primary completion date: June 2008
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• The subject is a recipient of a living donor or deceased donor kidney transplant.

• Male or Female, 18 or older

Exclusion Criteria:

• First time recipient, PRA >- 50% or for retransplantation PRA >- 30%.

• If retransplantation, previous graft loss cannot be due to acute rejection.

• Positive cross match.

• Subject receiving extended criteria donor (ECD) organ

• For Long-term extension study-Subjects who have completed three years of study treatment (through Week 156)

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Chronic Kidney Failure
• Kidney Failure, Chronic
• Kidney Transplantation
• Renal Insufficiency

Intervention

Drug:
• Cyclosporine (CsA)
tablet, oral, 1st month target: 150-300 ng/mL, after 1st month target: 100-250 ng/mL, daily, 36 months (ST), 100-250 ng/mL, daily, 24 months (LT)
• Belatacept LI (less intensive)
solution, IV, 10mg/kg: Days 1 and 5, Weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12, then 5 mg/kg every 4 weeks, q 4 weeks, 36 months (ST), 5 mg/kg every 4 weeks, q 4 weeks, 24 months (LT)
• Belatacept MI (more intensive)
solution, IV, 10mg/kg: Days 1 and 5, Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,12, 16, 20, and 24, then 5 mg/kg every 4 weeks, q 4 weeks, 36 months (ST), 5 mg/kg every 4 weeks, q 4 weeks, 24 months (LT)

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Argentina	Local Institution	Buenos Aires
Argentina	Local Institution	Capital Federal	Buenos Aires
Argentina	Local Institution	Cordoba, Crd	Cordoba
Argentina	Local Institution	La Plata	Buenos Aires
Argentina	Local Institution	Rosario	Santa Fe
Argentina	Local Institution	Santa Fe
Australia	Local Institution	Adelaide	South Australia
Australia	Local Institution	Camperdown	New South Wales
Australia	Local Institution	Parkville	Victoria
Australia	Local Institution	Westmead	New South Wales
Austria	Local Institution	Innsbuck
Austria	Local Institution	Vienna
Belgium	Local Institution	Gent
Belgium	Local Institution	Leuven
Brazil	Local Institution	Campinas	Sao Paulo
Brazil	Local Institution	Porto Alegre	Rio Grande Do Sul
Brazil	Local Institution	Porto Alegre/rs	Rio Grande Do Sul
Brazil	Local Institution	Rio De Janeiro / Rj	Rio De Janeiro
Brazil	Local Institution	Sao Paulo
Brazil	Local Institution	Sao Paulo/sp	Sao Paulo
Canada	Local Institution	Edmonton	Alberta
Canada	Local Institution	Halifax	Nova Scotia
Canada	Local Institution	Montreal	Quebec
Canada	Local Institution	Montreal	Quebec
Canada	Local Institution	Montreal	Quebec
Canada	Local Institution	Saskatoon	Saskatchewan
Czech Republic	Local Institution	Praha 4
France	Local Institution	Bordeaux
France	Local Institution	Brest Cedex
France	Local Institution	Creteil
France	Local Institution	Grenoble Cedex 9
France	Local Institution	Nante Cedex 01
France	Local Institution	Paris
France	Local Institution	Toulouse
Germany	Local Institution	Berlin
Germany	Local Institution	Erlangen
Germany	Local Institution	Essen
Germany	Local Institution	Hannover
Hungary	Local Institution	Szeged
India	Local Institution	Ahmedabad	Gujrat
India	Local Institution	Chandigarh
India	Local Institution	Chennai
India	Local Institution	Cochin	Kerala
India	Local Institution	Gujarat	Ahmedabad
India	Local Institution	Lucknow
India	Local Institution	Mumbai	Maharashtra
India	Local Institution	Mumbai	Maharashtra
India	Local Institution	Nadiad	Gujarat
India	Local Institution	New Delhi
Israel	Local Institution	Petah Tikva
Italy	Local Institution	Milano
Italy	Local Institution	Padova
Italy	Local Institution	Roma
Mexico	Local Institution	Aguascalientes
Mexico	Local Institution	Cuernavaca	Morelos
Mexico	Local Institution	Distrito Federal
Mexico	Local Institution	Mexico	Distrito Federal
Mexico	Local Institution	Monterrey	Nuevo Leon
Mexico	Local Institution	San Luis Potosi
Poland	Local Institution	Poznan
Poland	Local Institution	Szczecin
South Africa	Local Institution	Durban	Kwa Zulu Natal
South Africa	Local Institution	Observatory	Cape Town
South Africa	Local Institution	Pretoria	Gauteng
Spain	Local Institution	Barcelona
Spain	Local Institution	Madrid
Spain	Local Institution	Malaga
Sweden	Local Institution	Goteborg
Switzerland	Local Institution	Bern
Switzerland	Local Institution	Zurich
Turkey	Local Institution	Antalya
United States	Emory University Hospital	Atlanta	Georgia
United States	Piedmont Hospital	Atlanta	Georgia
United States	Medical College Of Georgia	Augusta	Georgia
United States	University Of Colorado Health Sciences Center	Aurora	Colorado
United States	University Of Alabama At Birmingham	Birmingham	Alabama
United States	Fletcher Allen Health Care	Burlington	Vermont
United States	University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill	Chapel Hill	North Carolina
United States	Musc	Charleston	South Carolina
United States	Carolinas Medical Center	Charlotte	North Carolina
United States	University Of Chicago Hospitals	Chicago	Illinois
United States	Baylor University Medical Center	Dallas	Texas
United States	Henry Ford Hospital, Transplant Institute	Detriot	Michigan
United States	Duke University Medical Center	Durham	North Carolina
United States	Inova Transplant Center	Fairfax	Virginia
United States	University Of Iowa Hospitals And Clinics	Iowa City	Indiana
United States	University Of Kentucky	Lexington	Kentucky
United States	Loma Linda University Medical Center-Transplantation Institu	Loma Linda	California
United States	Cedars Sinai Medical Center	Los Angeles	California
United States	University Of Wisconsin	Madison	Wisconsin
United States	Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital	Milwaukee	Wisconsin
United States	University Of Minnesota	Minneapolis	Minnesota
United States	Vanderbilt University Medical Center	Nashville	Tennessee
United States	Yale University School Of Medicine-Yale New Haven Hospital	New Haven	Connecticut
United States	Columbia University College Of Physicians & Surgeons	New York	New York
United States	Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute	New York	New York
United States	Div Of Multi-Organ Trans, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery	Philadelphia	Pennsylvania
United States	Maine Tranplant Program	Portland	Maine
United States	University Of Rochester Medical Center	Rochester	New York
United States	Washington University School Of Medicine	Saint Louis	Missouri
United States	California Institute Of Renal Research	San Diego	California
United States	University Of California San Francisco Medical Center	San Francisco	California
United States	Swedish Medical Center	Seattle	Washington
United States	Sacred Heart Medical Ctr Providence Medical Research Ctr	Spokane	Washington
United States	Western New England Renal & Transplant Associates, Pc	Springfield	Massachusetts

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Bristol-Myers Squibb

Countries where clinical trial is conducted

United States,  Argentina,  Australia,  Austria,  Belgium,  Brazil,  Canada,  Czech Republic,  France,  Germany,  Hungary,  India,  Israel,  Italy,  Mexico,  Poland,  South Africa,  Spain,  Sweden,  Switzerland,  Turkey, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Percent of Participants Surviving With a Functioning Graft by Month 12	Graft loss was defined as either functional loss or physical loss (nephrectomy). Functional loss was defined as a sustained level of serum creatinine (SCr) = 6.0 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or 530 micromolar per liter (µmol/L) as determined by the central laboratory for = 4 weeks or = 56 consecutive days of dialysis or impairment of renal function to such a degree that the participant underwent retransplant.	Day 1 to Month 12
Primary	Percent of Participants With a Composite of Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate (mGFR) Less Than 60 mL/Min/1.73 m^2 at Month 12 or With a Decrease in mGFR Greater Than or Equal to 10 mL/Min/1.73m^2 From Month 3 to Month 12	Measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) is the direct measurement of renal function and was assessed by measurement of the clearance of a true glomerular filtration marker (non-radiolabeled iothalamate) using a validated procedure. A GFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 was used as the approximate equal of the threshold values of serum creatinine (SCr) of 1.5 mg/dL. A change in GFR of at least 10 mL/min/1.73 m^2 was used as the approximate change in SCr of at least 0.3 mg/dL. The change component of the composite renal endpoint was assessed from Month 3 to Month 12, since post-transplant renal function is largely stable by Month 3.	Month 12; Month 3 to Month 12
Primary	Percent of Participants Experiencing Acute Rejection (AR) Post-transplant by Month 12	Acute rejection was defined as a clinico-pathological event requiring clinical evidence and biopsy confirmation. Clinical evidence was defined if either a or b was satisfied: a: an unexplained rise of serum creatinine = 25% from baseline creatinine; b: an unexplained decreased urine output; or fever and graft tenderness; or a serum creatinine that remains elevated within 14 days post-transplantation and clinical suspicion of acute rejection exists. Allograft biopsies were evaluated by a blinded central independent pathologist using Banff 97 working classification of kidney transplant pathology. Banff 97 diagnostic category for renal allograft biopsies is an international standardized histopathological classification. AR was defined by a renal biopsy demonstrating a Banff 97 classification of Grade IA or greater, with higher scores indicating more severe rejection. Only the episode with the highest Banff grade for each participant was counted.	Day 1 to Month 12
Secondary	Mean Value of the Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate (mGFR)	Measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) is the direct measurement of renal function and was assessed by measurement of the clearance of a true glomerular filtration marker (non-radiolabeled iothalamate) using a validated procedure. Missing mGRF assessments were imputed to assess renal function. The overall imputation strategy involved a primary imputation method (linear extrapolation and quartile method) followed by 2 secondary imputation methods (regression method and graded quartile method) to assess the robustness of conclusions obtained from the application of the primary imputation method. All imputation methods entailed replacing a missing value with a value drawn from a plausible distribution incorporating theoretical and observed aspects of the data. GFR was measured as mL/min/1.73 m^2.	Months 3, 12, 24
Secondary	Percent of Participants With Prevalence of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy (CAN) at Month 12	Prevalence of CAN = if participant met any of the following conditions: a: CAN observed in a biopsy either prior to 12 months (including baseline biopsy) or first post 12 months biopsy; b: participant had graft loss during the first year post transplant; c: no biopsy was available post 12 months and CAN not observed in biopsies prior to 12 months, but the measured GFR from Month 3 to Month 12 decreased at least 10 mL/min/1.73m^2; d: no biopsy available either prior to or post 12 months, and the measured GFR (incorporated missing data imputation) from Month 3 to Month 12 decreased at least 10 mL/min/1.73m^2. CAN = All allograft biopsies evaluated for presence and severity of CAN by a blinded central independent pathologist using Banff 97 working classification of kidney transplant pathology. Onset of CAN determined by the biopsy date when it was observed.	Month 12
Secondary	Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events, Death, Discontinuation Due to Adverse Events by Month 84	Adverse event (AE) defined: any new unfavorable symptom, sign, or disease or worsening of a preexisting condition that may not have a causal relationship with treatment. Serious adverse event (SAE) defined: a medical event that at any dose results in death, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or drug dependency/abuse; is life-threatening, an important medical event, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or requires or prolongs hospitalization.	Randomization to Month 84
Secondary	Number of Participants With Adverse Events of Special Interest by Month 84	Prospectively identified events of special interest which were a subset of all AEs, and were either SAEs or non-serious AEs, included the following categories: Serious Infections and Infestations, Thrombolic/embolic events, and Malignancy. AE=any new unfavorable symptom, sign, or disease or worsening of a preexisting condition that may not have a causal relationship with treatment. SAE=a medical event that at any dose results in death, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, or drug dependency/ abuse; is life-threatening, an important medical event, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or requires or prolongs hospitalization. Time frame is from randomization to the event date, or to the last dose date+56, or to Month 84 (Day 2548), whichever is the earliest.	Randomization to Month 84
Secondary	Mean Blood Pressure at Month 84	Blood pressure was measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Blood pressure was measured soon after the participant arrived and sat quietly at rest for 10 minutes. 3 consecutive seated blood pressure readings were made at least 1 minute apart.	Month 84
Secondary	Number of Participants Meeting Marked Laboratory Abnormality Criteria Post-transplant by Month 36	Upper limit of normal (ULN). Units per Liter (U/L). Cells per microliter (c/µL). Grams per deciliter (g/dL). Milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).Cells per Liter (c/L). Milliequivalents/Liter (mEq/L).; Hemoglobin (low): <8.0 g/dL; Platelet count: <50*10^9 c/L; Leukocytes: <2*10^3 c/µL; Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): >5.0*ULN U/L; Alanine aminotransferase (ALT): >5.0*ULN U/L; Asparate aminotransferase (AST): >5.0*ULN U/L; Bilirubin Total: >3.0*ULN mg/dL; Creatinine: >3.0*ULN mg/dL; Calcium Total: low if <7.0 mg/dL or high if >12.5 mg/dL; Bicarbonate: <11.0 mEq/L; Potassium serum: low if <3.0 mEq/L or high if >6.0 mEq/L; Magnesium serum: low is <0.8 mEq/L or high if >2.46 mEq/L; Sodium serum: low if <130.0 mEq/L or high if >155.0 mEq/L; Phosphorus inorganic: <2.0 mg/dL; Albumin: <2 g/dL; Uric acid: >10 mg/dL; Protein urine: >=3+	Baseline to Month 36
Secondary	Percent of Participants With Development of Anti-Donor HLA Positive Antibodies by Month 84	Only participants who had non-missing test result for Class I or Class II anti-donor HLA antibodies were included in analysis and only participants who had at least one non-NA test result or finding were counted. This was a cumulative summary (excluding baseline) and once a participant was positive, that participant remained positive for the later time point. Acute rejection (AR) defined: a clinico-pathological event requiring clinical evidence and biopsy confirmation. Clinical evidence defined: if either a or b was satisfied: a: an unexplained rise of serum creatinine = 25% from baseline creatinine; b: an unexplained decreased urine output; or fever and graft tenderness; or a serum creatinine that remains elevated within 14 days post-transplantation and clinical suspicion of acute rejection exists. AR defined as allograft biopsies of Banff 97 classification Grade IA or greater (higher scores indicate more severe rejection). Evaluated by blinded central independent pathologist.	Randomization to Month 84
Secondary	Mean Change of the Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate (mGFR) From Month 3 to Month 12 and From Month 3 to Month 24	Measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) is the direct measurement of renal function and was assessed by measurement of the clearance of a true glomerular filtration marker (non-radiolabeled iothalamate) using a validated procedure. Missing mGRF assessments were imputed to assess renal function. The overall imputation strategy involved a primary imputation method (linear extrapolation and quartile method) followed by 2 secondary imputation methods (regression method and graded quartile method) to assess the robustness of conclusions obtained from the application of the primary imputation method. All imputation methods entailed replacing a missing value with a value drawn from a plausible distribution incorporating theoretical and observed aspects of the data. GFR was measured as mL/min/1.73 m^2.	Month 3 to Month 12; Month 3 to Month 24
Secondary	Percent of Participants With a Decrease in Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate (mGFR) Greater Than or Equal to 10mL/Min/1.73m^2 From Month 3 to Month 12	Measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) is the direct measurement of renal function and was assessed by measurement of the clearance of a true glomerular filtration marker (non-radiolabeled iothalamate) using a validated procedure. A change in GFR of at least 10 mL/min/1.73 m^2 was used as the approximate change in serum creatinine (SCr) of at least 0.3 mg/dL. The change component of the composite renal endpoint was assessed from Month 3 to Month 12, since post-transplant renal function is largely stable by Month 3. Month 3 = baseline	Month 3 to Month 12
Secondary	Percent of Participants With a Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate (mGFR) Less Than 60 mL/Min/1.73 m^2 at Month 12	Measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) is the direct measurement of renal function and was assessed by measurement of the clearance of a true glomerular filtration marker (non-radiolabeled iothalamate) using a validated procedure. A GFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 was used as the approximate equal of the threshold values of serum creatinine (SCr) of 1.5 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).	Month 12
Secondary	Mean Value of the Calculated Glomerular Filtration Rate (cGFR) With Imputation	Calculated glomerular filtration rate (cGFR) was used to assess renal function (as measured by the estimated creatinine clearance) using the following modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula: MDRD: GFR = 170 x [SCr/0.95]^(-0.999) x [Age]^(-0.176) x [0.762 if participant is female] x [1.180 if participant is black] x [BUN]^(-0.170) x [Alb]^(+0.318); Age in years; Alb = Albumin in g/dL; SCr = Serum creatinine in mg/dL; BUN = Blood urea nitrogen in mg/dL; cGFR = mL/min/1.73m2	Months 6, 12, 24, 36
Secondary	Mean Change in Calculated Glomerular Filtration Rate (cGFR) From Month 6 to Month 12	Calculated glomerular filtration rate (cGFR) was used to assess renal function (as measured by the estimated creatinine clearance) using the following modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula: MDRD: GFR = 170 x [SCr/0.95]^(-0.999) x [Age]^(-0.176) x [0.762 if participant is female] x [1.180 if participant is black] x [BUN]^(-0.170) x [Alb]^(+0.318); Age in years; Alb = Albumin in g/dL; SCr = Serum creatinine in mg/dL; BUN = Blood urea nitrogen in mg/dL; cGFR = mL/min/1.73m^2	Month 6 to Month 12
Secondary	Percent of Participants With Incidence of New Onset Diabetes Mellitus by Month 36	The incidence of new onset diabetes mellitus defined as participants who developed diabetes mellitus after randomization and transplantation. Participants that did not have diabetes prior to randomization were determined to have new onset diabetes mellitus if (i) the participant received an anti-diabetic medication for a duration of at least 30 days or (ii) at least two fasting plasma glucose (FPG) tests indicate that FPG is >=126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L). New onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) = post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM)	Week 4 post-transplantation to Month 36
Secondary	Percent of Participants Using At Least One Anti-Hypertensive Medication to Control Hypertension at Month 36	This analysis was based on all participants who had been followed up at least 1092 days after transplantation. Hypertension was defined in according to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure for participants with chronic kidney disease. This definition was based upon SBP = 130 mm Hg or DBP = 80 mm Hg. In addition, all participants who had a SBP < 130 mm Hg and a DBP < 80 mm Hg who received an antihypertensive medication(s) for the indication of hypertension or with a medical history of hypertension were included in this definition. Systolic blood pressure = SBP; Diastolic blood pressure = DBP	Month 36
Secondary	Percent of Participants With Incidence of Hypertension Post-Transplantation at Month 12	The incidence of hypertension was defined as the proportion of participants who developed hypertension after randomization and transplantation. Specifically, the incidence of hypertension was assessed only after the Week 4 visit. This period allowed for adequate stabilization and resolution of transient changes. If participants received antihypertensive medication for the indication of hypertension at this (or later) time point, they were considered to have developed hypertension. Hypertension was defined according to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure for subjects with chronic kidney disease. This definition was based upon SBP = 130 mm Hg or DBP = 80 mm Hg. Systolic blood pressure = SBP; Diastolic blood pressure = DBP	Month 12
Secondary	Percent of Participants With Prevalence of Hypertension Post-Transplantation at Month 12	The prevalence of hypertension was defined as the proportion of participants at any given time who meet the definition of hypertension. Hypertension defined according to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure for participants with chronic kidney disease. This definition is based upon SBP = 130 mm Hg or DBP = 80 mm Hg. Systolic blood pressure = SBP; Diastolic blood pressure = DBP	Month 12
Secondary	Mean Systolic Blood Pressure and Diastolic Blood Pressure	Blood pressure was measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Blood pressure was measured soon after the participant arrived and sat quietly at rest for 10 minutes. 3 consecutive seated blood pressure readings were made at least 1 minute apart.	Months 12, 24, 36
Secondary	Percent of Participants at Baseline With Controlled Hypertension Post Transplantation by Month 12	Controlled hypertension was defined as a SBP < 130 mm Hg and a DBP < 80 mm Hg while receiving an antihypertensive medication for the indication of hypertension or receiving an antihypertensive medication for another indication with a medical history of hypertension. Participants with a SBP < 130 mm Hg and a DBP < 80 mm Hg who were prescribed an antihypertensive medication(s) for an indication(s) other than hypertension (eg, beta blockers for migraine prophylaxis) with no medical history of hypertension were not considered to have either hypertension or controlled hypertension. Systolic blood pressure = SBP; Diastolic blood pressure = DBP	Day 1 to Month 12
Secondary	Percent of Participants With Prevalence of Controlled Hypertension at Month 12	The prevalence of controlled hypertension was defined as the proportion of participants at any given time who met the definition of controlled hypertension. Controlled hypertension was defined as a SBP < 130 mm Hg and a DBP < 80 mm Hg while receiving an antihypertensive medication for the indication of hypertension or receiving an antihypertensive medication for another indication with a medical history of hypertension. Participants with a SBP < 130 mm Hg and a DBP < 80 mm Hg who were prescribed an antihypertensive medication(s) for an indication(s) other than hypertension (eg, beta blockers for migraine prophylaxis) with no medical history of hypertension were not considered to have either hypertension or controlled hypertension. Systolic blood pressure = SBP; Diastolic blood pressure = DBP	Month 12
Secondary	Percent of Non-dyslipidemic Participants With Incidence of Dyslipidemia Post-Transplantation by Month 12	Incidence of dyslipidemia was defined as the proportion of participants who developed dyslipidemia after randomization and transplantation. Dyslipidemia was defined in accordance with recent guidelines from the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-K/DOQI). Dyslipidemia = hypertriglyceridemia (TGs >= 500 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) [5.65 mmol/L]), hypercholesterolemia (LDL >= 100 mg/dL [2.59 mmol/L]), or elevated non-HDL (non-HDL >= 130 mg/dL [3.36 mmol/L]) in the presence of high TGs (TGs >= 200 mg/dL [2.26 mmol/L]). The TG = triglyceride; LDL = low density lipoprotein; HDL = high density lipoprotein; millimole/Liter (mmol/L). For 95% CI within each group, normal approximation is used if N >=5. Otherwise exact method is used.	Randomization to Month 12
Secondary	Percent of Participants With Prevalence of Dyslipidemia at Month 12	The prevalence of dyslipidemia was defined as the proportion of participants at any given time who met the definition of dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia defined in accordance with recent guidelines from the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-K/DOQI). Dyslipidemia defined as hypertriglyceridemia (TGs >= 500 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) [5.65 mmol/L]), hypercholesterolemia (LDL >= 100 mg/dL [2.59 mmol/L]), or elevated non-HDL (non-HDL >= 130 mg/dL [3.36 mmol/L]) in the presence of high TGs (TGs >= 200 mg/dL [2.26 mmol/L]). TG = triglyceride; LDL = low density lipoprotein; HDL = high density lipoprotein; millimole/Liter (mmol/L). For 95% CI within each group, normal approximation is used if N >=5. Otherwise exact method is used.	Month 12
Secondary	Percent of Participants With Controlled Dyslipidemia at Month 12	Prevalence of controlled dyslipidemia = the proportion of participants at any given time who met the stated definition of dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia defined in accordance with recent guidelines from the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-K/DOQI). Dyslipidemia defined as hypertriglyceridemia (TGs >= 500 milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL) [5.65 mmol/L]), hypercholesterolemia (LDL >= 100 mg/dL [2.59 mmol/L]), or elevated non-HDL (non-HDL >= 130 mg/dL [3.36 mmol/L]) in the presence of high TGs (TGs >= 200 mg/dL [2.26 mmol/L]). Controlled dyslipidemia defined as participants who received successful pharmacologic treatment for 1 of the above stated dyslipidemias, and their lipid values fell below the thresholds described. TG = triglyceride; LDL = low density lipoprotein; HDL = high density lipoprotein; millimole/Liter (mmol/L). For 95% CI within each group, normal approximation is used if N >=5. Otherwise exact method is used.	Month 12
Secondary	Number of Participants With Antihyperlipidemic Medication by Intensity Level	An intensity level was associated with the dose level of the statin based anti-hyperlipidemic agent. Any other agent (i.e., non-statin therapy) used as an antihyperlipidemic were considered Level I treatment intensity. Multiple daily dose levels during a period were averaged to compute the daily dose during that period. Level I = 20 mg fluvastatin (flu), 10 mg lovastatin (lova), 10 mg pravastatin (prav), 5-10 mg simvastatin (sim); Level II = 10 mg atorvastatin (atorv), 40 mg flu, 20 mg lova, 20 mg prav, 5 mg rosuvastatin (rosu), 20 mg sim, 10/10 vytorin; Level III = 20 mg atorv, 80 mg flu, 40 mg lova, 40 mg prav, 10 mg rosu, 40 mg sim, 10/20 vytorin; Level IV = 40 mg atorv, 80 mg lova, 80 mg prav, 20 mg rosu, 80 mg sim, 10/40 vytorin; Level V = 80 mg atorv, 40 mg rosu, 10/80 vytorin. Concomitant use of a statin and an agent of another class elevated the intensity level of the statin therapy by 1 level; therefore, an intensity level of greater than V was possible.	Month 36
Secondary	Percent of Participants Using At Least One Anti-Hyperlipidemic Medication	This analysis is based on all participants who were followed up at least 1092 days after transplantation.	Month 36
Secondary	Mean Value of Lipid Parameters	Lipid parameters included total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (TGs).	Months 12, 24, 36
Secondary	Percent of Participants With Prevalence of Acute Rejection (AR) by Month 36	Prevalence of AR = participants with the stated definition of AR at any given time. AR defined as a clinico-pathological event requiring clinical evidence and renal biopsy confirmation demonstrating a Banff 97 classification of Grade IA or greater, with higher scores indicating more severe rejection. Only the episode with the highest Banff grade for each participant was counted. Clinical evidence = if either a or b was satisfied: a: an unexplained rise of serum creatinine = 25% from baseline creatinine; b: an unexplained decreased urine output; or fever and graft tenderness; or a serum creatinine that remains elevated within 14 days post-transplantation and clinical suspicion of acute rejection exists. Allograft biopsies were evaluated by a blinded central independent pathologist using Banff 97 working classification of kidney transplant pathology. Banff 97 diagnostic category for renal allograft biopsies is an international standardized histopathological classification.	Randomization to Month 36
Secondary	Number of Participants With Acute Rejection (AR) Post-transplant in Terms of Severity Using Banff Grades by Month 36	Acute rejection was defined as a clinico-pathological event requiring clinical evidence and renal biopsy confirmation demonstrating a Banff 97 classification of Grade IA or greater, with higher scores indicating more severe rejection. Clinical evidence defined: if either a or b was satisfied: a) an unexplained rise of serum creatinine = 25% from baseline creatinine; b) an unexplained decreased urine output; or fever and graft tenderness; or a serum creatinine that remains elevated within 14 days post-transplantation and clinical suspicion of acute rejection exists. Allograft biopsies were evaluated by a blinded central independent pathologist using Banff 97 working classification of kidney transplant pathology. Banff 97 diagnostic category for renal allograft biopsies is an international standardized histopathological classification. Only the episode with the highest Banff grade for each participant was counted.	Randomization to Month 36
Secondary	Percent of Participants Using Polyclonal Antilymphocyte Preparations for Impaired Renal Function and Anticipated Delayed Graft Function by Month 12	A participant was considered to have delayed graft function (DGF), if treated with dialysis within the first week (Day 1 - 8) after transplantation. The use of polyclonal antilymphocyte preparations (LDT) was permitted only for participants randomized to cyclosporine (CsA) who experienced impaired renal allograft function and anticipated DGF following transplantation and were not permitted in belatacept-treated participants, except for the treatment of acute rejection. Participants treated with LDT began CsA at the discretion of the investigator by Day 7. LDT could also have been used in participants who met >= 1 of the following criteria, observed in the presence of a transplant artery and vein and no evidence of hydronephrosis by sonogram: Urine output < 250 mL/12 hours, no significant improvement (< 1 milligram per deciliter (mg/dL)) in serum creatinine from baseline value over the first 24 - 72 hours post-transplant, or dialysis treatment.	Randomization to Month 12
Secondary	Percent of Participants Using Lymphocyte Depleting Therapy (LDT) for the Initial Treatment of Acute Rejection (AR) by Month 36	The use of LDT (thymoglobulin or antithymocyte gamma globulin [ATGAM]) was permitted only for participants randomized to cyclosporine (CsA) who experienced impaired renal allograft function and anticipated delayed graft function following transplantation. Acute rejection (AR) defined as a clinico-pathological event requiring clinical evidence (an unexplained rise of serum creatinine = 25% from baseline creatinine or an unexplained decreased urine output; or fever and graft tenderness; or a serum creatinine that remained elevated within 14 days post-transplantation and clinical suspicion of acute rejection existed) and biopsy confirmation. AR defined by a renal biopsy demonstrating a Banff 97 classification of Grade IA or greater, with higher scores indicating more severe rejection. Banff 97 diagnostic category for renal allograft biopsies is an international standardized histopathological classification. Only the episode with the highest Banff grade for each participant was counted.	Randomization to Month 36
Secondary	Percent of Participants With Corticosteroid Resistant Acute Rejection (AR) by Month 36	Steroid-resistant acute rejection (AR) defined as the use of lymphocyte-depletion therapy following treatment with corticosteroids. AR defined as a clinico-pathological event requiring clinical evidence and renal biopsy confirmation demonstrating a Banff 97 classification of Grade IA or greater, with higher scores indicating more severe rejection. Clinical evidence defined: either a or b was satisfied: a) an unexplained rise of serum creatinine = 25% from baseline creatinine; b) an unexplained decreased urine output; or fever and graft tenderness; or a serum creatinine that remained elevated within 14 days post-transplantation and clinical suspicion of acute rejection existed. Allograft biopsies were evaluated by a blinded central independent pathologist using Banff 97 international standardized histopathological working classification of kidney transplant pathology. Only the episode with the highest Banff grade for each participant was counted.	Randomization to Month 36
Secondary	Number of Participants Who Recovered Completely From an Episode of Acute Rejection (AR) by Month 12	Acute rejection (AR) = a clinico-pathological event requiring clinical evidence and renal biopsy confirmation demonstrating a Banff 97 classification of Grade IA or greater. Clinical evidence = if either a or b was satisfied: a: an unexplained rise of serum creatinine = 25% from baseline creatinine; b: an unexplained decreased urine output; or fever and graft tenderness; or a serum creatinine that remains elevated within 14 days post-transplantation and clinical suspicion of acute rejection exists. Complete recovery following AR defined as serum creatinine [SCr] levels returned to baseline. Recovery calculated using 2 algorithms: Algorithm 1 = last laboratory measurement prior to onset of AR (baseline and first laboratory measurement after 84 days since onset of AR = resolution); Algorithm 2 = lowest laboratory measurement on or after transplantation and prior to onset day of AR (baseline and lowest laboratory measurement after onset on first AR up to Month 12 = resolution)	Randomization to Month 12
Secondary	Percent of Participants With Subclinical Rejection at Month 12	Subclinical rejection defined as histological findings by the central pathologist consistent with acute rejection, but lacking its clinical correlate. Acute rejection defined as a clinico-pathological event requiring clinical evidence and renal biopsy confirmation demonstrating a Banff 97 classification of Grade IA or greater, with higher scores indicating more severe rejection. Only the episode with the highest Banff grade for each participant was counted. Clinical evidence defined if either a or b was satisfied: a) an unexplained rise of serum creatinine = 25% from baseline creatinine; b) an unexplained decreased urine output; or fever and graft tenderness; or a serum creatinine that remained elevated within 14 days post-transplantation and clinical suspicion of acute rejection existed. Allograft biopsies were evaluated by a blinded central independent pathologist using Banff 97 working classification of kidney transplant pathology.	Month 12
Secondary	Number of Participants Treated for Acute Rejection (AR) Regardless of Histological Findings by Month 36	Allograft rejection includes any episode of rejection including: clinically suspected rejection, treated rejection, any central biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR), and acute rejection (AR: a subset of BPAR) defined as central biopsy-proven rejection that was either clinically suspected by protocol-defined reasons or by other reasons and was treated. Acute rejection (AR) defined as a clinico-pathological event requiring clinical evidence ( either an unexplained rise of serum creatinine = 25% from baseline creatinine or an unexplained decreased urine output; or fever and graft tenderness; or a serum creatinine that remained elevated within 14 days post-transplantation and clinical suspicion of AR) and renal biopsy confirmation biopsy demonstrating a Banff 97 working classification of kidney transplant pathology classification of Grade IA or greater, with higher scores indicating more severe rejection. Only the highest Banff grade for each participant was counted.	Randomization to Month 36
Secondary	Mean Value of Physical and Mental Components Using SF-36 Questionnaire	SF-36 was a Participant-Reported Quality of Life (QoL) Short Form (SF) questionnaire measuring health-related quality of life (HRQL) covering 2 scale measures: physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS). PCS represented by 4 domains: physical function, role limitations due to physical problems, pain, and general health perception. MCS represented by 4 domains: vitality, social function, role limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health. Their scores were computed based on weighted combinations of the 8 domain scores, which were transformed to a range from 0 to 100; 0= worst HRQL, 100=best HRQL. Higher scores reflect better health-related functional status. Scoring is standardized using the norm-based scoring method where data is scored in relation to the U.S. general population having a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Scores below 50 are below the U.S. general population norm and above 50 are above the U.S. general population norm.	Months 6, 12, 24, 36
Secondary	Mean Value of the Eight Domain Scores of Quality of Life Using SF-36 Questionnaire	SF-36 was a Participant-Reported Quality of Life (QoL) Short Form (SF) questionnaire measuring health-related quality of life (HRQL) covering 2 scale measures: physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS). PCS represented by 4 domains: physical function, role limitations due to physical problems, pain, and general health perception. MCS represented by 4 domains: vitality, social function, role limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health. Their scores were computed based on weighted combinations of the 8 domain scores, which were transformed to a range from 0 to 100; 0= worst HRQL, 100=best HRQL. Higher scores reflect better health-related functional status. Scoring is standardized using the norm-based scoring method where data is scored in relation to the U.S. general population having a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Scores below 50 are below the U.S. general population norm and above 50 are above the U.S. general population norm.	Months 6, 12, 24, 36
Secondary	Mean Relative to an Identified Distribution (Ridit) Value of Symptom Occurrence and Symptom Distress Using Modified Transplant Symptom Occurrence and Symptom Distress Scale (MTSOSDS-59R)	The Modified Transplant Symptom Occurrence and Symptom Distress Scale (MTSOSD-59R) was used to assess the occurrence (never, occasionally, regularly, almost always, always) and distress (0=no distress to 4=terrible distress) of symptoms associated with immunosuppressive therapies. Ridit (relative to an identified distribution) analysis (Fleiss JL. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1991) was used. Ridit scores were calculated at baseline and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months for overall symptom occurrence score and overall symptom distress. The Ridit score reflects the probability that a score observed for an individual randomly selected from a group would be higher (worse symptom) than a score observed for a randomly selected individual from the reference group. The reference group was constituted by the frequency distribution of the responses of all participants on all items at baseline. The ridit of the reference group is by definition, 0.5.	Months 6, 12, 24, 36
Secondary	Mean Changes in the Value of Physical and Mental Components Using SF-36 From Baseline Up To Months 6, 12, 24, and 36	SF-36 was a Participant-Reported Quality of Life (QoL) Short Form (SF) questionnaire measuring health-related quality of life (HRQL) covering 2 scale measures: physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS). PCS represented by 4 domains: physical function, role limitations due to physical problems, pain, and general health perception. MCS represented by 4 domains: vitality, social function, role limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health. Their scores were computed based on weighted combinations of the 8 domain scores, which were transformed to a range from 0 to 100; 0= worst HRQL, 100=best HRQL. Higher scores reflect better health-related functional status. Scoring is standardized using the norm-based scoring method where data is scored in relation to the U.S. general population having a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Scores below 50 are below the U.S. general population norm and above 50 are above the U.S. general population norm.	Baseline to Months 6, 12, 24,and 36
Secondary	Mean Change in the Value of the Eight Domain Scores Using SF-36 From Baseline Up To Months 6, 12, 24, and 36	SF-36 was a Participant-Reported Quality of Life (QoL) Short Form (SF) questionnaire measuring health-related quality of life (HRQL) covering 2 scale measures: physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS). PCS represented by 4 domains: physical function, role limitations due to physical problems, pain, and general health perception. MCS represented by 4 domains: vitality, social function, role limitations due to emotional problems, and mental health. Their scores were computed based on weighted combinations of the 8 domain scores, which were transformed to a range from 0 to 100; 0= worst HRQL, 100=best HRQL. Higher scores reflect better health-related functional status. Scoring is standardized using the norm-based scoring method where data is scored in relation to the U.S. general population having a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Scores below 50 are below the U.S. general population norm and above 50 are above the U.S. general population norm.	Baseline to Months 6, 12, 24, and 36
Secondary	Percent of Participants Surviving With a Functioning Graft	Graft loss was defined as either functional loss or physical loss (nephrectomy). Functional loss was defined as a sustained level of serum creatinine (SCr) = 6.0 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or 530 micromoles per liter (µmol/L) as determined by the central laboratory for = 4 weeks or = 56 consecutive days of dialysis or impairment of renal function to such a degree that the participant underwent retransplant.	Months 24, 36
Secondary	Percent of Participants With Composite Endpoint or Death, Graft Loss or Acute Rejection by Month 36	Graft loss was defined as either functional loss or physical loss (nephrectomy). Functional loss was defined as a sustained level of serum creatinine (SCr) = 6.0 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or 530 micromoles per liter (µmol/L) as determined by the central laboratory for = 4 weeks or = 56 consecutive days of dialysis or impairment of renal function to such a degree that the participant underwent retransplant. Acute rejection was defined as central biopsy proven rejection that was either (1) clinically suspected by protocol defined reasons or (2) clinically suspected by other reasons and treated. Death and graft loss were not imputed.	Randomization to Month 36

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