Kernicterus Clinical Trial
Official title:
Complications of Exchange Transfusion in Neonates
Exchange transfusion is effective and considered to be safe procedure ; however, it is not without risks. Complications have been reported and mortality rates vary from 0.5 to 3.3%. therefore ,the current recommendation for performing exchange transfusion are based on balance between the risks of encephalopathy and complications related to the procedure .
About 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants have clinical jaundice in the first week after
birth but only 2% to 16% of them develop severe hyperbilirubinemia (total serum bilirubin >
25mg/dl) ,which is an emergency because it may cause neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy
(kernicterus), which can result in death or irreversible brain damage in survivor.
Exchange transfusion is the standard method of therapy for immediate treatment of severe
hyperbilirubinemia and prevention of kernicterus. Although the frequency of neonatal
exchange transfusion has declined markedly in the past two decades, this procedure is still
performed in many countries, especially in those with a high incidence of neonatal
hyperbilirubinemia.
Exchange transfusion is effective and considered to be safe procedure ; however, it is not
without risks. Complications have been reported and mortality rates vary from 0.5 to 3.3%.
therefore,the current recommendation for performing exchange transfusion are based on
balance between the risks of encephalopathy and complications related to the procedure .
Most of these complications are transient, such as severe thrombocytopenia, apnea,
hypocalcemia , bradycardia, and hyperkalemia and recovery is expected along with appropriate
care and follow up. But serious complications and even death can occurs due to
cardiovascular collapse during exchange , necrotizing enterocolitis, bacterial sepsis, and
pulmonary hemorrhage that can be avoided by careful cardio-pulmonary and oxygen saturation
monitoring.
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