Hypoxia — Outpatient Pediatric Pulse Oximeters in Africa
Citation(s)
GBD 2019 Under-5 Mortality Collaborators Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2021 Sep 4;398(10303):870-905. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01207-1. Epub 2021 Aug 17.
Lazzerini M, Sonego M, Pellegrin MC Hypoxaemia as a Mortality Risk Factor in Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Children in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Sep 15;10(9):e0136166. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136166. eCollection 2015.
Richards D, Hunter L, Forey K, et al Demographics and predictors of mortality in children undergoing resuscitation at Khayelitsha Hospital, Western Cape, South Africa. SAJCH South African Journal of Child Health 2018; 12: 127-31
WHO World Health Organization Integrated Management of Childhood Illness ( IMCI ) Chart Booklet-Standard. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization 2014; : 1-80.
Evaluating Novel Pediatric Pulse Oximeters for Outpatient Child Pneumonia Care in Sub-Saharan Africa
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease.
Observational studies are often retrospective and are used to assess potential causation in exposure-outcome relationships and therefore influence preventive methods.
Expanded access is a means by which manufacturers make investigational new drugs available, under certain circumstances, to treat a patient(s) with a serious disease or condition who cannot participate in a controlled clinical trial.
Clinical trials are conducted in a series of steps, called phases - each phase is designed to answer a separate research question.
Phase 1: Researchers test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Phase 2: The drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.
Phase 3: The drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
Phase 4: Studies are done after the drug or treatment has been marketed to gather information on the drug's effect in various populations and any side effects associated with long-term use.
